Gingivitis, also generally called gum disease or periodontal disease,
describes the events that begin with bacterial growth in your mouth and may
Gingivitis (gum inflammation) usually precedes periodontitis (gum disease). However, it is important to know that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis.
In the early stage of gingivitis, bacteria in plaque build up, causes the gums to become inflamed (red and swollen) and often easily bleed during tooth brushing. Although the gums may be irritated, the teeth are still firmly planted in their sockets. No irreversible bone or other tissue damage has occurred at this stage.
When gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis. ...
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THE USE OF DRUGS OF THE TETRACYCLINE CLASS DURING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (LAST HALF OF PREGNANCY, INFANCY, AND CHILDHOOD TO THE AGE OF 8 YEARS) MAY CAUSE PERMANENT DISCOLORATION OF THE TEETH. This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs, but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. TETRACYCLINE DRUGS, THEREFORE, SHOULD NOT BE USED IN THIS AGE GROUP, OR IN PREGNANT WOMEN, UNLESS OTHER DRUGS ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE OR ARE CONTRAINDICATED.
Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity has also been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy.
If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking doxycycline or other tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs.
ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® has not been clinically tested in pregnant women.
ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® has not been clinically evaluated in patients with conditions involving extremely severe periodontal defects with very little remaining periodontium.
ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® has not been clinically tested for use in the regeneration of alveolar bone, either in preparation for or in conjunction with the placement of endosseous (dental) implants or in the treatment of failing implants.
ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® has not been clinically tested in immunocompromised patients (such as patients immunocompromised by diabetes, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or infection with HIV).
As with other antibiotic preparations, ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® therapy may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi.1 The effects of prolonged treatment, greater than 6 months, have not been studied.
ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® should be used with caution in patients with a history of or predisposition to oral candidiasis. The safety and effectiveness of ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® have not been established for the treatment of periodontitis in patients with coexistent oral candidiasis.
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential of doxycycline have not been conducted. However, there has been evidence of oncogenic activity in rats in studies with the related antibiotics, oxytetracycline (adrenal and pituitary tumors), and minocycline (thyroid tumors). Likewise, although mutagenicity studies of doxycycline have not been conducted, positive results in in vitro mammalian cell assays have been reported for related antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline). Doxycycline administered orally at dosage levels as high as 250 mg/kg/day had no apparent effect on the fertility of female rats. Effect on male fertility has not been studied.
Pregnancy Category D. See WARNINGS section
Tetracyclines appear in breast milk following oral administration. It is not known whether doxycycline is excreted in human milk following use of ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® . Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from doxycycline, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. (See WARNINGS section)
The safety and effectiveness of ATRIDOX (doxycycline hyclate) ® in pediatric patients have not been established. Oral doses of doxycycline in children up to 8 years of age have caused permanent discoloration of teeth.
Last reviewed on RxList: 4/11/2011
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
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