Bladder Infection (cont.)
Siamak T. Nabili, MD, MPH
Dr. Nabili received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), majoring in chemistry and biochemistry. He then completed his graduate degree at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His graduate training included a specialized fellowship in public health where his research focused on environmental health and health-care delivery and management.
William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.
In this Article
- What is a bladder infection?
- What causes bladder infections?
- What are some risk factors for bladder infection?
- What are the signs and symptoms of a bladder infection in women?
- What are the signs and symptoms of a bladder infection in men?
- What are the signs and symptoms of a bladder infection in children?
- How is a bladder infection diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for a bladder infection?
- Are home remedies effective for a bladder infection?
- How is a bladder infection during pregnancy treated?
- What are potential complications of a bladder infection?
- Can bladder infections be prevented?
- What is the prognosis for a bladder infection?
- Find a local Doctor in your town
What are the signs and symptoms of a bladder infection in men?
In men, signs and symptoms of probable bladder infection (cystitis) are:
- Dysuria (painful urination)
- Urinary frequency
- Urinary urgency
- Suprapubic pain (pain above the pelvic bone in lower abdomen)
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
What are the signs and symptoms of a bladder infection in children?
Signs and symptoms of bladder and urinary infection in young children and infants may be more vague and can include:
- Irritability
- Fussiness
- Poor eating
- Vomiting
- Failure to thrive
- Generalized malaise
- Strong-smelling urine
- Abdominal pain
How is a bladder infection diagnosed?
Bladder infection is generally diagnosed by a urinalysis (UA). This is a simple test which analyzes a urine sample collected from a patient suspected of having a bladder infection or any other form of urinary infection. This test along with signs and symptoms of bladder infection is used to diagnose or rule out cystitis.
The presence of white blood cells (WBC) or leukocyte esterase (released from WBCs) in urinalysis indicates an infection. Blood in urine (hematuria) can sometimes also be seen in the setting of bladder infection. Nitrates are chemicals produces by some bacteria and their presence in a urinalysis can also be indicative of an infection in the urine.
Urine culture is another helpful test for diagnosis of bladder infection. This test can determine the organism that may be causing urine infection. In general, urine culture is not done independent of a UA. It is generally recommended to perform a urine culture if urinalysis (UA) confirms the diagnosis of a urinary infection.
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