Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B₁₂ with activity equivalent to the endogenous form of vitamin B₁₂. The chemical name is α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl) cyanocobamide. The cobalt content is 4.35%. The molecular formula is C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 1355.4 and the following structural formula:

Cyanocobalamin occurs as dark red crystals, orthorhombic needles, or crystalline red powder and is very hygroscopic in the anhydrous form, and sparingly to moderately soluble in water (1:80). The pharmacologic activity of cyanocobalamin is destroyed by heavy metals (iron) and strong oxidizing or reducing agents (Vitamin C), but not by autoclaving for short periods of time (15-20 minutes) at 121° C. The vitamin B₁₂ coenzymes are very unstable in light.

Each bottle of CaloMist Nasal Spray contains cyanocobalamin, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate monobasic, benzyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, and benzalkonium chloride in purified water with an attached spray pump unit.

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