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Levaquin

Clinical Pharmacology
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Levaquin

Mechanism of Action

Levofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Pharmacokinetics

The mean ±SD pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin determined under single and steady-state conditions following oral tablet, oral solution, or intravenous (IV) doses of LEVAQUIN® are summarized in Table 9.

Table 9: Mean ±SD Levofloxacin PK Parameters


Regimen Cmax
(µg/mL)		 Tmax
(h)		 AUC
(µg•h/mL)		 CL/F1
(mL/min)		 Vd/F2
(L)		 t1/2
(h)		 CLR
(mL/min)
Single dose
250 mg oral tablet3 2.8 ± 0.4 1.6 ± 1.0 27.2 ± 3.9 156 ± 20 ND 7.3 ± 0.9 142 ± 21
500 mg oral tablet3* 5.1 ± 0.8 1.3 ± 0.6 47.9 ± 6.8 178 ± 28 ND 6.3 ± 0.6 103 ± 30
500 mg oral solution12 5.8 ± 1.8 0.8 ± 0.7 47.8 ± 10.8 183 ± 40 112 ± 37.2 7.0 ± 1.4 ND
500 mg IV3 6.2 ± 1.0 1.0 ± 0.1 48.3 ± 5.4 175 ± 20 90 ± 11 6.4 ± 0.7 112 ± 25
750 mg oral tablet5* 9.3 ± 1.6 1.6 ± 0.8 101 ± 20 129 ± 24 83 ± 17 7.5 ± 0.9 ND
750 mg IV5 11.5 ±4.04 ND 110 ±40 126 ±39 75 ± 13 7.5 ± 1.6 ND
Multiple dose
500 mg every 24h oral tablet3 5.7 ± 1.4 1.1 ± 0.4 47.5 ± 6.7 175 ± 25 102 ± 22 7.6 ± 1.6 116 ± 31
500 mg every 24h IV3 6.4 ± 0.8 ND 54.6 ± 11.1 158 ± 29 91 ± 12 7.0 ± 0.8 99 ± 28
500 mg or 250 mg every 24h IV, patients with bacterial infection6 8.7± 4.07 ND 72.5 ± 51.27 154 ± 72 111 ± 58 ND ND
750 mg every 24h oral tablet5 8.6 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.5 90.7 ± 17.6 143 ± 29 100 ± 16 8.8 ± 1.5 116 ± 28
750 mg every 24h IV5 12.1 ± 4.14 ND 108 ± 34 126 ± 37 80 ± 27 7.9 ± 1.9 ND
500 mg oral tablet single dose, effects of gender and age:
Male8 5.5 ± 1.1 1.2 ± 0.4 54.4 ± 18.9 166 ± 44 89 ± 13 7.5 ± 2.1 126 ± 38
Female9 7.0 ± 1.6 1.7 ± 0.5 67.7 ± 24.2 136 ± 44 62 ± 16 6.1 ± 0.8 106 ± 40
Young10 5.5 ± 1.0 1.5 ± 0.6 47.5 ± 9.8 182 ± 35 83 ± 18 6.0 ± 0.9 140 ± 33
Elderly11 7.0 ± 1.6 1.4 ± 0.5 74.7 ± 23.3 121 ± 33 67 ± 19 7.6 ± 2.0 91 ± 29
500 mg oral single dose tablet, patients with renal insufficiency:
CLCR 50-80 mL/min 7.5 ± 1.8 1.5 ± 0.5 95.6 ± 11.8 88 ± 10 ND 9.1 ± 0.9 57 ± 8
CLCR 20-49 mL/min 7.1 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 1.3 182.1 ± 62.6 51 ± 19 ND 27 ± 10 26 ± 13
CLCR < 20 mL/min 8.2 ± 2.6 1.1 ± 1.0 263.5 ± 72.5 33 ± 8 ND 35 ± 5 13 ± 3
Hemodialysis 5.7 ± 1.0 2.8 ± 2.2 ND ND ND 76 ± 42 ND
CAPD 6.9 ± 2.3 1.4 ± 1.1 ND ND ND 51 ± 24 ND
1  clearance/bioavailability
2 volume of distribution/bioavailability
3 healthy males 18-53 years of age
4 60 min infusion for 250 mg and 500 mg doses, 90 min infusion for 750 mg dose
5 healthy male and female subjects 18-54 years of age
6 500 mg every 48h for patients with moderate renal impairment (CLCR 20-50 mL/min) and infections of the respiratory tract or skin
7 dose-normalized values (to 500 mg dose), estimated by population pharmacokinetic modeling
8 healthy males 22-75 years of age
9 healthy females 18-80 years of age
10 young healthy male and female subjects 18-36 years of age
11 healthy elderly male and female subjects 66-80 years of age
12 healthy males and females 19-55 years of age.
*Absolute bioavailability; F=0.99 ± 0.08 from a 500 mg tablet and F=0.99 ± 0.06 from a 750 mg tablet;
ND=not determined.
Absorption
Brand Name: Levaquin
Generic Name: Levofloxacin
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