Humalog® (insulin lispro, rDNA origin) is a human insulin analog that is a rapid-acting, parenteral blood glucose-lowering agent. Chemically, it is Lys(B28), Pro(B29) human insulin analog, created when the amino acids at positions 28 and 29 on the insulin B -chain are reversed. Humalog is synthesized in a special non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for insulin lispro.

Humalog has the following primary structure

Figure 1

Insulin lispro has the empirical formula C₂₅₇H₃₈₃N₆₅O₇₇S₆ and a molecular weight of 5808, both identical to that of human insulin.

The vials, cartridges, and Pens contain a sterile solution of Humalog for use as an injection. Humalog injection consists of zinc-insulin lispro crystals dissolved in a clear aqueous fluid.

Each milliliter of Humalog injection contains insulin lispro 100 Units, 16 mg glycerin, 1.88 mg dibasic sodium phosphate, 3.15 mg Metacresol, zinc oxide content adjusted to provide 0.0197 mg zinc ion, trace amounts of phenol, and water for injection. Insulin lispro has a pH of 7.0 to 7.8. Hydrochloric acid 10% and/or sodium hydroxide 10% may be added to adjust pH.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

Humalog is an insulin analog that is indicated in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus for the control of hyperglycemia. Humalog has a more rapid onset and a shorter duration of action than human regular insulin. Therefore, in patients with type 1 diabetes, Humalog should be used in regimens that include a longer-acting insulin. However, in patients with type 2 diabetes, Humalog may be used without a longer-acting insulin when used in combination therapy with sulfonylurea agents.

Humalog may be used in an external insulin pump, but should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin when used in the pump.

Humalog is intended for subcutaneous administration, including use in select external insulin pumps (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, External Insulin Pumps). Dosage regimens of Humalog will vary among patients and should be determined by the Health Care Professional familiar with the patient's metabolic needs, eating habits, and other lifestyle variables. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies showed Humalog to be equipotent to human regular insulin (i.e., one unit of Humalog has the same glucose-lowering capability as one unit of human regular insulin), but with more rapid activity. The quicker glucose-lowering effect of Humalog is related to the more rapid absorption rate from subcutaneous tissue. An adjustment of dose or schedule of basal insulin may be needed when a patient changes from other insulins to Humalog, particularly to prevent pre-meal hyperglycemia.

When used as a meal-time insulin, Humalog should be given within 15 minutes before or immediately after a meal. Human regular insulin is best given 30 to 60 minutes before a meal. To achieve optimal glucose control, the amount of longer-acting insulin being given may need to be adjusted when using Humalog.

The rate of insulin absorption and consequently the onset of activity is known to be affected by the site of injection, exercise, and other variables. Humalog was absorbed at a consistently faster rate than human regular insulin in healthy male volunteers given 0.2 U/kg human regular insulin or Humalog at abdominal, deltoid, or femoral sites, the three sites often used by patients with diabetes. When not mixed in the same syringe with other insulins, Humalog maintains its rapid onset of action and has less variability in its onset of action among injection sites compared with human regular insulin (see PRECAUTIONS). After abdominal administration, Humalog concentrations are higher than those following deltoid or thigh injections. Also, the duration of action of Humalog is slightly shorter following abdominal injection, compared with deltoid and femoral injections. As with all insulin preparations, the time course of action of Humalog may vary considerably in different individuals or within the same individual. Patients must be educated to use proper injection techniques.

Humalog in a vial may be diluted with STERILE DILUENT for Humalog®, Humulin® N, Humulin® 50/50, Humulin® 70/30, and NPH Iletin® to a concentration of 1:10 (equivalent to U-10) or 1:2 (equivalent to U-50). Diluted Humalog may remain in patient use for 28 days when stored at 5°C (41°F) and for 14 days when stored at 30°C (86°F). Do not dilute Humalog contained in a cartridge or Humalog used in an external insulin pump.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually prior to administration whenever the solution and the container permit. If the solution is cloudy, contains particulate matter, is thickened, or is discolored, the contents must not be injected. Humalog should not be used after its expiration date.

The cartridge containing Humalog is not designed to allow any other insulin to be mixed in the cartridge or for the cartridge to be refilled with insulin.

External Insulin Pumps

Humalog may be used with MiniMed®¹ Models 506, 507, and 508 insulin pumps using MiniMed®¹ Polyfin®¹ infusion sets. Humalog may also be used in the Disetronic®2 H-TRONplus® V100 insulin pump (with plastic 3.15 mL insulin reservoir) and the Disetronic D-TRON®^2,3 and D-TRON®^2,3 plus pumps (with Humalog 3 mL cartridges) using Disetronic Rapid®² infusion sets.

Humalog should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin when used in an external insulin pump.

Humalog (insulin lispro injection, rDNA origin) vials are available in the following package size: 100 units per mL (U-100)

10 mL vials NDC 0002-7510-01 (VL-7510)

Humalog (insulin lispro injection, rDNA origin) cartridges are available in the following package size:

5 X 3 mL cartridges³ NDC 0002-7516-59 (VL-7516)

Humalog (insulin lispro injection, rDNA origin) Pen, disposable insulin delivery device, is available in the following package size:

5 X 3 mL disposable insulin delivery devices NDC 0002-8725-59 (HP-8725)

Storage

Unopened Humalog should be stored in a refrigerator (2°to 8°C [36°to 46°F]), but not in the freezer. Do not use Humalog if it has been frozen. Unrefrigerated (below 30°C [86°F]) vials, cartridges, and Pens must be used within 28 days or be discarded, even if they still contain Humalog. Protect from direct heat and light. See table below:

	Not in-use (unopened) Room Temperature below 86°F (30°C)	Not in-use (unopened) Refrigerated	In-use (opened) Room Temperature, below 86°F (30°C)
10 mL Vial	28 days	Until expiration date	28 days, refrigerated/room temperature.
3 mL Cartridge	28 days	Until expiration date	28 days, Do not refrigerate.
3 mL Pen	28 days	Until expiration date	28 days, Do not refrigerate.

Use in an External Insulin Pump

A Humalog 3 mL cartridge used in the D-TRON®^2,3 or D-TRON®^2,3 plus should be discarded after 7 days, even if it still contains Humalog. Infusion sets, D-TRON®^2,3 and D-TRON®^2,3 plus cartridge adapters, and Humalog in the external insulin pump reservoir should be discarded every 48 hours or less.

¹ MiniMed® and Polyfin® are registered trademarks of MiniMed, Inc.

² Disetronic®, H-TRONplus®, D-TRON®, and Rapid® are registered trademarks of Roche Diagnostics GMBH.

³ 3 mL cartridge is for use in Eli Lilly and Company's HumaPen® MEMOIR™ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD insulin delivery devices, Owen Mumford, Ltd.'s Autopen® 3 mL insulin delivery device and Disetronic D-TRON® and D-TRON® plus pumps. Autopen® is a registered trademark of Owen Mumford, Ltd. HumaPen®, HumaPen® MEMOIR™ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD are trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company.

Other product and company names may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Literature revised February 6, 2007
Manufactured by Lilly France., F-67640 Fegersheim, France
for Eli Lilly and Company., Indianapolis, IN 46285,USA
FDA rev date: 7/20/2007

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

Clinical studies comparing Humalog with human regular insulin did not demonstrate a difference in frequency of adverse events between the two treatments.

Adverse events commonly associated with human insulin therapy include the following:

Body as a Whole - allergic reactions (see PRECAUTIONS).

Skin and Appendages - injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash.

Other - hypoglycemia (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).

Insulin requirements may be increased by medications with hyperglycemic activity such as corticosteroids, isoniazid, certain lipid-lowering drugs (e.g., niacin), estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, and thyroid replacement therapy (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).

Insulin requirements may be decreased in the presence of drugs with hypoglycemic activity, such as oral hypoglycemic agents, salicylates, sulfa antibiotics, and certain antidepressants (monoamine oxidase inhibitors), certain angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers, inhibitors of pancreatic function (e.g., octreotide), and alcohol. Beta-adrenergic blockers may mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia in some patients.

Mixing of Insulins

Care should be taken when mixing all insulins as a change in peak action may occur. The American Diabetes Association warns in its Position Statement on Insulin Administration, “On mixing, physiochemical changes in the mixture may occur (either immediately or over time). As a result, the physiological response to the insulin mixture may differ from that of the injection of the insulins separately.” Mixing Humalog with Humulin N or Humulin® U does not decrease the absorption rate or the total bioavailability of Humalog. Given alone or mixed with Humulin N, Humalog results in a more rapid absorption and glucose-lowering effect compared with human regular insulin.

The effects of mixing Humalog with insulins of animal source or insulin preparations produced by other manufacturers have not been studied (see WARNINGS).

If Humalog is mixed with a longer-acting insulin, such as Humulin N or Humulin U, Humalog should be drawn into the syringe first to prevent clouding of the Humalog by the longer-acting insulin. Injection should be made immediately after mixing. Mixtures should not be administered intravenously.

The cartridge containing Humalog is not designed to allow any other insulin to be mixed in the cartridge, for the Humalog in the cartridge to be diluted or for the cartridge to be refilled with insulin. Humalog should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin when used in an external insulin pump.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

This human insulin analog differs from human regular insulin by its rapid onset of action as well as a shorter duration of activity. When used as a mealtime insulin, the dose of Humalog should be given within 15 minutes before or immediately after the meal. Because of the short duration of action of Humalog, patients with type 1 diabetes also require a longer-acting insulin to maintain glucose control (except when using an external insulin pump).Glucose monitoring is recommended for all patients with diabetes and is particularly important for patients using an external insulin pump.

Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse effect associated with insulins, including Humalog. As with all insulins, the timing of hypoglycemia may differ among various insulin formulations. Glucose monitoring is recommended for all patients with diabetes.

Any change of insulin should be made cautiously and only under medical supervision. Changes in insulin strength, manufacturer, type (e.g., regular, NPH, analog),species (animal, human),or method of manufacture (rDNA vs. animal-source insulin) may result in the need for a change in dosage.

External Insulin Pumps: When used in an external insulin pump, Humalog should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin. Patients should carefully read and follow the external insulin pump manufacturer's instructions and the “INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT” insert before using Humalog.

Physicians should carefully evaluate information on external insulin pump use in this Humalog physician package insert and in the external insulin pump manufacturer's instructions. If unexplained hyperglycemia or ketosis occurs during external insulin pump use, prompt identification and correction of the cause is necessary. The patient may require interim therapy with subcutaneous insulin injections (see PRECAUTIONS, For Patients Using External Insulin Pumps, and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

General

Hypoglycemia and hypokalemia are among the potential clinical adverse effects associated with the use of all insulins. Because of differences in the action of Humalog and other insulins, care should be taken in patients in whom such potential side effects might be clinically relevant (e.g., patients who are fasting, have autonomic neuropathy, or are using potassium-lowering drugs or patients taking drugs sensitive to serum potassium level). Lipodystrophy and hypersensitivity are among other potential clinical adverse effects associated with the use of all insulins.

As with all insulin preparations, the time course of Humalog action may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and is dependent on site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.

Adjustment of dosage of any insulin may be necessary if patients change their physical activity or their usual meal plan. Insulin requirements may be altered during illness, emotional disturbances, or other stresses.

Hypoglycemia

As with all insulin preparations, hypoglycemic reactions may be associated with the administration of Humalog. Rapid changes in serum glucose levels may induce symptoms of hypoglycemia in persons with diabetes, regardless of the glucose value. Early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia may be different or less pronounced under certain conditions, such as long duration of diabetes, diabetic nerve disease, use of medications such as beta-blockers, or intensified diabetes control.

Renal Impairment

The requirements for insulin may be reduced in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

Although impaired hepatic function does not affect the absorption or disposition of Humalog, careful glucose monitoring and dose adjustments of insulin, including Humalog, may be necessary.

Allergy

Local Allergy - As with any insulin therapy, patients may experience redness, swelling, or itching at the site of injection. These minor reactions usually resolve in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, these reactions may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in a skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique.

Systemic Allergy - Less common, but potentially more serious, is generalized allergy to insulin, which may cause rash (including pruritus) over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, rapid pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalized allergy, including anaphylactic reaction, may be life threatening. In controlled clinical trials, pruritus (with or without rash) was seen in 17 patients receiving Humulin R (N=2969) and 30 patients receiving Humalog (N=2944) (p=0.053). Localized reactions and generalized myalgias have been reported with the use of cresol as an injectable excipient.

Antibody Production - In large clinical trials, antibodies that cross-react with human insulin and insulin lispro were observed in both Humulin R- and Humalog-treatment groups. As expected, the largest increase in the antibody levels during the 12-month clinical trials was observed with patients new to insulin therapy.

Usage in External Insulin Pumps - The infusion set (reservoir syringe, tubing, and catheter), Disetronic® D-TRON®^2,3 or D-TRON®^2,3 plus cartridge adapter, and Humalog in the external insulin pump reservoir should be replaced and a new infusion site selected every 48 hours or less. Humalog in the external insulin pump should not be exposed to temperatures above 37°C (98.6°F).

In the D-TRON®^2,3 or D-TRON®^2,3 plus pump, Humalog 3 mL cartridges may be used for up to 7 days. However, as with other external insulin pumps, the infusion set should be replaced and a new infusion site should be selected every 48 hours or less.

When used in an external insulin pump, Humalog should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE, WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, For Patients Using External Insulin Pumps, Mixing of Insulins, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, and Storage).

Information for Patients

Patients should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of Humalog and alternative therapies. Patients should also be informed about the importance of proper insulin storage, injection technique, timing of dosage, adherence to meal planning, regular physical activity, regular blood glucose monitoring, periodic glycosylated hemoglobin testing, recognition and management of hypo- and hyperglycemia, and periodic assessment for diabetes complications.

Patients should be advised to inform their physician if they are pregnant or intend to become pregnant.

Refer patients to the “INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT” insert for information on proper injection technique, timing of Humalog dosing (≤15 minutes before or immediately after a meal), storing and mixing insulin, and common adverse effects.

For Patients Using Insulin Pen Delivery Devices

Before starting therapy, patients should read the “INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT” insert that accompanies the drug product and the User Manual that accompanies the delivery device and re-read them each time the prescription is renewed. Patients should be instructed on how to properly use the delivery device, prime the Pen, and properly dispose of needles. Patients should be advised not to share their Pens with others.

For Patients Using External Insulin Pumps

Patients using an external infusion pump should be trained in intensive insulin therapy and in the function of their external insulin pump and pump accessories. Humalog may be used with the MiniMed®¹ Models 506, 507, and 508 insulin pumps using MiniMed®¹ Polyfin®¹ infusion sets. Humalog may also be used in Disetronic®2 H-TRONplus®V100 insulin pump (with plastic 3.15 mL insulin reservoir), and the Disetronic D-TRON®^2,3 and D-TRON®^2,3 plus insulin pumps (with Humalog 3 mL cartridges) using Disetronic Rapid®² infusion sets.

The infusion set (reservoir syringe, tubing, catheter), D-TRON®^2,3 or D-TRON®^2,3 plus cartridge adapter, and Humalog in the external insulin pump reservoir should be replaced, and a new infusion site selected every 48 hours or less. Humalog in the external pump should not be exposed to temperatures above 37°C (98.6°F). A Humalog 3 mL cartridge used in the D-TRON®^2,3 or D-TRON®^2,3 plus pump should be discarded after 7 days, even if it still contains Humalog. Infusion sites that are erythematous, pruritic, or thickened should be reported to medical personnel, and a new site selected.

Humalog should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin when used in an external insulin pump.

Laboratory Tests

As with all insulins, the therapeutic response to Humalog should be monitored by periodic blood glucose tests. Periodic measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is recommended for the monitoring of long-term glycemic control.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Humalog. Humalog was not mutagenic in a battery of in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity assays (bacterial mutation tests, unscheduled DNA synthesis, mouse lymphoma assay, chromosomal aberration tests, and a micronucleus test). There is no evidence from animal studies of Humalog-induced impairment of fertility.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category B - Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats and rabbits at parenteral doses up to 4 and 0.3 times, respectively, the average human dose (40 units/day) based on body surface area. The results have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Humalog. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Although there are limited clinical studies of the use of Humalog in pregnancy, published studies with human insulins suggest that optimizing overall glycemic control, including postprandial control, before conception and during pregnancy improves fetal outcome. Although the fetal complications of maternal hyperglycemia have been well documented, fetal toxicity also has been reported with maternal hypoglycemia. Insulin requirements usually fall during the first trimester and increase during the second and third trimesters. Careful monitoring of the patient is required throughout pregnancy. During the perinatal period, careful monitoring of infants born to mothers with diabetes is warranted.

Nursing Mothers

It is unknown whether Humalog is excreted in significant amounts in human milk. Many drugs, including human insulin, are excreted in human milk. For this reason, caution should be exercised when Humalog is administered to a nursing woman. Patients with diabetes who are lactating may require adjustments in Humalog dose, meal plan, or both.

Pediatric Use

In a 9-month, cross-over study of pre-pubescent children (n=60), aged 3 to 11 years, comparable glycemic control as measured by HbA_1c was achieved regardless of treatment group: human regular insulin 30 minutes before meals 8.4%, Humalog immediately before meals 8.4%, and Humalog immediately after meals 8.5%. In an 8-month, cross-over study of adolescents (n=463), aged 9 to 19 years, comparable glycemic control as measured by HbA_1c was achieved regardless of treatment group; human regular insulin 30 to 45 minutes before meals 8.7% and Humalog immediately before meals 8.7%. The incidence of hypoglycemia was similar for all three treatment regimens. Adjustment of basal insulin may be required. To improve accuracy in dosing in pediatric patients, a diluent may be used. If the diluent is added directly to the Humalog vial, the shelf-life may be reduced (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Geriatric Use

Of the total number of subjects (n=2834) in eight clinical studies of Humalog, twelve percent (n=338) were 65 years of age or over. The majority of these were type 2 patients. HbA_1c values and hypoglycemia rates did not differ by age. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamicstudies to assess the effect of age on the onset of Humalog action have not been performed.

¹ MiniMed® and Polyfin® are registered trademarks of MiniMed, Inc.

² Disetronic®, H-TRONplus®, D-TRON®, and Rapid® are registered trademarks of Roche Diagnostics GMBH.

³ 3 mL cartridge is for use in Eli Lilly and Company's HumaPen® MEMOIR™ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD insulin delivery devices, Owen Mumford, Ltd.'s Autopen® 3 mL insulin delivery device and Disetronic D-TRON® and D-TRON® plus pumps. Autopen® is a registered trademark of Owen Mumford, Ltd. HumaPen®, HumaPen® MEMOIR™ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD are trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company.

Other product and company names may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

Hypoglycemia may occur as a result of an excess of insulin relative to food intake, energy expenditure, or both. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia usually can be treated with oral glucose. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise, may be needed. More severe episodes with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery.

Humalog is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia and in patients sensitive to Humalog or one of its excipients.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

Antidiabetic Activity

The primary activity of insulin, including Humalog, is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In addition, all insulins have several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on many tissues in the body. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly, promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat.

Humalog has been shown to be equipotent to human insulin on a molar basis. One unit of Humalog has the same glucose-lowering effect as one unit of human regular insulin, but its effect is more rapid and of shorter duration. The glucose-lowering activity of Humalog and human regular insulin is comparable when administered to normal volunteers by the intravenous route.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption and Bioavailability

Humalog is as bioavailable as human regular insulin, with absolute bioavailability ranging between 55% to 77% with doses between 0.1 to 0.2 U/kg, inclusive. Studies in normal volunteers and patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes demonstrated that Humalog is absorbed faster than human regular insulin (U-100) (see Figure 2). In normal volunteers given subcutaneous doses of Humalog ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 U/kg, peak serum levels were seen 30 to 90 minutes after dosing. When normal volunteers received equivalent doses of human regular insulin, peak insulin levels occurred between 50 to 120 minutes after dosing. Similar results were seen in patients with type 1 diabetes. The pharmacokinetic profiles of Humalog and human regular insulin are comparable to one another when administered to normal volunteers by the intravenous route. Humalog was absorbed at a consistently faster rate than human regular insulin in healthy male volunteers given 0.2 U/kg human regular insulin or Humalog at abdominal, deltoid, or femoral subcutaneous sites, the three sites often used by patients with diabetes. After abdominal administration of Humalog, serum drug levels are higher and the duration of action is slightly shorter than after deltoid or thigh administration (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Humalog has less intra- and inter-patient variability compared to human regular insulin.

Figure 2 : Serum Humalog and insulin levels after subcutaneous injection of human regular insulin or Humalog (0.2 U/kg) immediately before a high carbohydrate meal in 10 patients with type 1 diabetes.*

Distribution

The volume of distribution for Humalog is identical to that of human regular insulin, with a range of 0.26 to 0.36 L/kg.

Metabolism

Human metabolism studies have not been conducted. However, animal studies indicate that the metabolism of Humalog is identical to that of human regular insulin.

Elimination

When Humalog is given subcutaneously, its t½ is shorter than that of human regular insulin (1 vs. 1.5 hours, respectively). When given intravenously, Humalog and human regular insulin show identical dose-dependent elimination, with a t½ of 26 and 52 minutes at 0.1 U/kg and 0.2 U/kg, respectively.

Pharmacodynamics

Studies in normal volunteers and patients with diabetes demonstrated that Humalog has a more rapid onset of glucose-lowering activity, an earlier peak for glucose-lowering, and a shorter duration of glucose-lowering activity than human regular insulin (see Figure 3). The earlier onset of activity of Humalog is directly related to its more rapid rate of absorption. The time course of action of insulin and insulin analogs, such as Humalog, may vary considerably in different individuals or within the same individual. The parameters of Humalog activity (time of onset, peak time, and duration) as designated in Figure 3 should be considered only as general guidelines. The rate of insulin absorption and consequently the onset of activity is known to be affected by the site of injection, exercise, and other variables (see PRECAUTIONS, General).

Figure 3 : Blood glucose levels after subcutaneous injection of human regular insulin or Humalog (0.2 U/kg) immediately before a high carbohydrate meal in 10 patients with type 1 diabetes.*

Special Populations

Age and Gender

Information on the effect of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Humalog is unavailable. However, in large clinical trials, subgroup analysis based on age and gender did not indicate any difference in postprandial glucose parameters between Humalog and human regular insulin.

Smoking

The effect of smoking on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Humalog has not been studied.

Pregnancy

The effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Humalog has not been studied.

Obesity

The effect of obesity and/or subcutaneous fat thickness on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Humalog has not been studied. In large clinical trials, which included patients with Body Mass Index up to and including 35 kg/m², no consistent differences were seen between Humalog and Humulin® R with respect to postprandial glucose parameters.

Renal Impairment

Some studies with human insulin have shown increased circulating levels of insulin in patients with renal failure. In a study of 25 patients with type 2 diabetes and a wide range of renal function, the pharmacokinetic differences between Humalog and human regular insulin were generally maintained. However, the sensitivity of the patients to insulin did change, with an increased response to insulin as the renal function declined. Careful glucose monitoring and dose adjustments of insulin, including Humalog, may be necessary in patients with renal dysfunction.

Hepatic Impairment

Some studies with human insulin have shown increased circulating levels of insulin in patients with hepatic failure. In a study of 22 patients with type 2 diabetes, impaired hepatic function did not affect the subcutaneous absorption or general disposition of Humalog when compared to patients with no history of hepatic dysfunction. In that study, Humalog maintained its more rapid absorption and elimination when compared to human regular insulin. Careful glucose monitoring and dose adjustments of insulin, including Humalog, may be necessary in patients with hepatic dysfunction.

Clinical Studies

In open-label, cross-over studies of 1008 patients with type 1 diabetes and 722 patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, Humalog reduced postprandial glucose compared with human regular insulin (see Table 1). The clinical significance of improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia has not been established.

Table 1 : Comparison of Means of Glycemic Parameters at the End of Combined Treatment Periods. All Randomized Patients in Cross-Over Studies (3 months for each treatment)

Type 1, N=1008
Glycemic Parameter, (mg/dL)	Humaloga	Humulin Ra*
Fasting Blood Glucose	209.5 ±91.6	204.1 ±89.3
1-Hour Postprandial	232.4 ±97.7	250.0 ±96.7
2-Hour Postprandial	200.9 ±95.4	231.7 ±103.9
HbA1c (%)	8.2 ±1.5	8.2 ±1.5
Type 2, N=722
Glycemic Parameter, (mg/dL)	Humaloga	Humulin Ra
Fasting Blood Glucose	192.1 ±67.9	183.1 ±66.1
1-Hour Postprandial	238.1 ±79.7	250.0 ±75.2
2-Hour Postprandial	217.4 ±83.2	236.5 ±80.6
HbA1c (%)	8.2 ±1.3	8.2 ±1.4
a Mean ± Standard Deviation. *Humulin R (human insulin [rDNA origin] injection).

In 12-month parallel studies in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, HbA_1c did not differ between patients treated with human regular insulin and those treated with Humalog.

Hypoglycemia

While the overall rate of hypoglycemia did not differ between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated with Humalog compared with human regular insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes treated with Humalog had fewer hypoglycemic episodes between midnight and 6 a.m. The lower rate of hypoglycemia in the Humalog-treated group may have been related to higher nocturnal blood glucose levels, as reflected by a small increase in mean fasting blood glucose levels.

Humalog in Combination with Sulfonylurea Agents

In a two-month study in patients with fasting hyperglycemia despite maximal dosing with sulfonylureas (SU), patients were randomized to one of three treatment regimens; Humulin® NPH at bedtime plus SU, Humalog three times a day before meals plus SU, or Humalog three times a day before meals and Humulin NPH at bedtime. The combination of Humalog and SU resulted in an improvement in HbA_1c accompanied by a weight gain (see Table 2).

Table 2 : Results of a Two-Month Study in Which Humalog Was Added to Sulfonylurea Therapy in Patients Not Adequately Controlled on Sulfonylurea Alone

	Humulin N h.s. + SUa	Humalog a.c. + SU	Humalog a.c. + Humulin N h.s.
Randomized (n)	135	139	149
HbA1c (%) at baseline	9.9	10.0	10.0
HbA1c (%) at 2-months	8.7	8.4	8.5
HbA1c (%) change from baseline	-1.2	-1.6	-1.4
Weight gain at 2-months (kg)	0.6	1.2	1.5
Hypoglycemia* (events/mo)	0.11	0.03	0.09
Number of injections	1	3	4
Total insulin dose (U/kg) at 2-months	0.23	0.33	0.52
a a.c.-three times a day before meals. h.s.-at bedtime. SU-oral sulfonylurea agent. * blood glucose ≤36mg/dL or needing assistance from third party.

Humalog in External Insulin Pumps

To evaluate the administration of Humalog via external insulin pumps, two open-label cross-over design studies were performed in patients with type 1 diabetes. One study involved 39 patients treated for 24 weeks with Humalog or regular human insulin. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean HbA_1c values decreased from 7.8% to 7.2% in the Humalog-treated patients and from 7.8% to 7.5% in the regular insulin-treated patients. Another study involved 60 patients treated for 24 weeks with either Humalog or buffered regular human insulin. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean HbA_1c values decreased from 7.7% to 7.4% in the Humalog-treated patients and remained unchanged from 7.7% in the buffered regular insulin-treated patients. Rates of hypoglycemia were comparable between treatment groups in both studies. Humalog administration in insulin pumps has not been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT CARTRIDGE
HUMALOG®
(insulin lispro rDNA origin) injection
100 Units Per ML (U-100)

3 ML CARTRIDGE

For use in Eli Lilly and Company's HumaPen® MEMOIR™¹ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD¹ insulin delivery devices, Owen Mumford, Ltd.'s Autopen®² 3 mL insulin delivery device (reusable insulin Pen), Disetronic®³ D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus insulin pumps.

WARNINGS

THIS LILLY HUMAN INSULIN ANALOG IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER INSULINS BECAUSE IT HAS A RAPID ONSET AND SHORTER DURATION OF ACTION.THE RAPID ONSET OF ACTION MEANS THAT YOU SHOULD TAKE YOUR DOSE OF HUMALOG® (INSULIN LISPRO INJECTION,rDNA ORIGIN) WITHIN 15 MINUTES BEFORE OR IMMEDIATELY AFTER EATING A MEAL. THE SHORT DURATION OF ACTION OF HUMALOG MEANS THAT IF YOU HAVE TYPE 1 DIABETES,YOU ALSO NEED TO USE A LONGER-ACTING INSULIN TO GIVE THE BEST GLUCOSE CONTROL (EXCEPT WHEN USING AN EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMP). IF YOU HAVE TYPE 2 DIABETES, HUMALOG MAY BE USED WITHOUT A LONGER-ACTING INSULIN WHEN USED IN COMBINATION THERAPY WITH SULFONYLUREA AGENTS.

ANY CHANGE OF INSULIN SHOULD BE MADE CAUTIOUSLY AND ONLY UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION. CHANGES IN STRENGTH, MANUFACTURER,TYPE (E.G.,REGULAR, NPH,LENTE),SPECIES (BEEF, PORK, BEEF-PORK, HUMAN), OR METHOD OF MANUFACTURE (rDNA VERSUS ANIMAL-SOURCE INSULIN) MAY RESULT IN THE NEED FOR A CHANGE IN THE TIMING OR DOSAGE OF HUMALOG OR THE LONGER-ACTING INSULIN,OR BOTH.

PATIENTS TAKING HUMALOG MAY REQUIRE A CHANGE IN DOSAGE FROM THAT USED WITH OTHER INSULINS. IF AN ADJUSTMENT IS NEEDED, IT MAY OCCUR WITH THE FIRST DOSE OR DURING THE FIRST SEVERAL WEEKS OR MONTHS.

USE IN REUSABLE INSULIN PEN: TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE DOSE, CAREFULLY READ AND FOLLOW THE INSULIN DELIVERY DEVICE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS AND THIS “INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT” INSERT BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT IN AN INSULIN PEN (see INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE section).

USE IN AN EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMP: CAREFULLY READ AND FOLLOW THE EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMP MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS AND THIS “INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT” INSERT BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT IN AN EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMP (see INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE section).

DIABETES

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland that lies near the stomach. This hormone is necessary for the body's correct use of food, especially sugar. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin to meet your body's needs.

To control your diabetes, your doctor has prescribed injections of insulin products to keep your blood glucose at a near-normal level. You have been instructed to test your blood and/or your urine regularly for glucose. Studies have shown that some chronic complications of diabetes such as eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve disease can be significantly reduced if the blood sugar is maintained as close to normal as possible. The American Diabetes Association recommends that if your pre-meal glucose levels are consistently above 130 mg/dL or your hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) is more than 7%, consult your doctor. A change in your diabetes therapy may be needed. If your blood tests consistently show below-normal glucose levels, you should also let your doctor know. Proper control of your diabetes requires close and constant cooperation with your doctor. Despite diabetes, you can lead an active and healthy life if you eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and take your insulin injections as prescribed.

Always keep an extra supply of Humalog as well as a spare syringe and needle on hand. Always wear diabetic identification so that appropriate treatment can be given if complications occur away from home.

HUMALOG

Description

Humalog (insulin lispro [rDNA origin]) is made by a special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for this human insulin analog. Humalog consists of zinc-insulin lispro crystals dissolved in a clear fluid. Humalog is a sterile solution and is for subcutaneous injection. It should not be used intramuscularly. The concentration of Humalog is 100 units/mL (U-100). Humalog starts lowering blood glucose more quickly and has a shorter duration of action compared to regular human insulin. This means that your dose of Humalog should be given within 15 minutes before or immediately after eating a meal (regular insulin works best when given 30 to 60minutes before eating a meal). The short duration of action of Humalog means that if you have type1diabetes, you need to use a longer-acting insulin to give the best glucose control (except when using an external insulin pump). If you have type 2 diabetes, Humalog may be used without a longer-acting insulin when used in combination therapy with sulfonylurea agents. The time course of Humalog action, like that of other insulins, may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual, based on dose, site of injection, blood supply, temperature, and physical activity.

Identification

Cartridges of insulin lispro injection (rDNA origin), by Eli Lilly and Company, have the trademark Humalog. Your doctor has prescribed the type of insulin that he/she believes is best for you.

DO NOT USE ANY OTHER INSULIN EXCEPT ON YOUR DOCTOR'S ADVICE AND DIRECTION.

Cartridges of Humalog 3 mL are available in boxes of 5.

3 mL Cartridge

Humalog® 3 mL cartridges are for use in Eli Lilly and Company's HumaPen® MEMOIR™¹ and HumaPen® LUXURA™ HD¹ insulin delivery devices, Owen Mumford, Ltd.'s Autopen®² 3 mL insulin delivery device (reusable insulin Pen) and in Disetronic D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus insulin pumps using Disetronic Rapid®³ infusion sets.

The cartridge containing Humalog is not designed to allow any other insulin to be mixed in the cartridge or for the cartridge to be refilled with insulin.

Always examine the appearance of Humalog solution in a cartridge before administering a dose. When using a Humalog cartridge in an external insulin pump, inspect the cartridge before inserting it in the external insulin pump and periodically during use. Humalog is a clear and colorless liquid with a water-like appearance and consistency. Do not use if it appears cloudy, thickened, or slightly colored, or if solid particles are visible. If you note anything unusual in its appearance or notice your insulin requirements changing markedly, consult your doctor.

Storage

When used in Reusable Insulin Pen

Not in-use (unopened): Unopened Humalog cartridges should be stored in a refrigerator but not in the freezer. Do not use a Humalog cartridge if it has been frozen.

In-use: Humalog cartridges in-use should NOT be refrigerated but should be kept at room temperature (below 86°F [30°C]) away from direct heat and light. Humalog cartridge that you are using must be discarded 28 days after the first use.

Do not use Humalog after the expiration date stamped on the label.

When used in an External Insulin Pump

Infusion sets (tubing and catheters) and D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus cartridge adapter should be discarded every 48 hours or less. Humalog in an external insulin pump should not be exposed to temperatures above 98.6°F (37°C) such as in sauna or hot tub, hot showers, direct sunlight, or radiant heater. A Humalog 3 mL cartridge used in the D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus pump should be discarded after 7 days, even if it still contains Humalog.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

Reusable insulin Pens and external insulin pumps differ in their operation. It is important to read, understand, and follow the instructions for use of the reusable insulin Pen or external insulin pump you are using.

NEVER SHARE INSULIN PENS, EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMPS, INFUSION SETS, CARTRIDGES, OR NEEDLES.

PREPARING FOR AN INJECTION USING REUSABLE INSULIN PEN OR EXTERNAL INSULIN PUMP

1. Inspect the appearance of Humalog solution before you insert the cartridge into the reusable insulin Pen or external insulin pump. Humalog should look clear and colorless. Do not use Humalog if it appears cloudy, thickened, slightly colored, or if solid particles are visible. Once the cartridge is in use, inspect the insulin in the insulin Pen before each injection. When using a Humalog cartridge in an external insulin pump, inspect the cartridge before inserting it in the external insulin pump and periodically during use.
2. Use in Reusable Insulin Pen - Follow the reusable insulin Pen manufacturer's instructions carefully for loading the cartridge into the insulin Pen and for use of the insulin Pen.
   a. Use an alcohol swab to wipe the exposed rubber surface on the metal cap end of the cartridge.
   b. Follow the insulin needle manufacturer's instructions for attaching and changing the needle.
3. Use in an External Insulin Pump - Follow the external insulin pump manufacturer's instructions carefully for use of Humalog 3 mL cartridges in the D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus insulin pump.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

For use in Reusable Insulin Pen

1. Wash your hands.
2. To avoid tissue damage, choose a site for each injection that is at least ½ inch from the previous injection site. The usual sites of injection are abdomen, thighs, and arms.
3. Cleanse the skin with alcohol where the injection is to be made.
4. With one hand, stabilize the skin by spreading it or pinching up a large area.
5. Inject the dose as instructed by your doctor. Hold the needle under the skin for at least 5 seconds after injecting.
6. After injecting a dose, pull the needle out and apply gentle pressure over the injection site for several seconds. Do not rub the area.
7. Immediately after an injection, remove the needle from the insulin Pen. Doing so will guard against contamination, and prevent leakage of Humalog, reentry of air, and needle clogs. Do not reuse needles. Place the used needle in a puncture-resistant disposable container and properly dispose of it as directed by your Health Care Professional.
8. 3 mL cartridge - Use the gauge on the side of the cartridge to help you judge how much insulin remains. The distance between each mark on the 3 mL cartridge is about 20 units.

For use in an External Insulin Pump

Your doctor should train you on intensive insulin therapy including sterile techniques. You should also be trained on the use of your external insulin pump and pump accessories.

You should replace the infusion set (tubing and catheter) and D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus cartridge adapter every 48 hours or less. You should also choose a new infusion site every 48 hours or less. A Humalog 3 mL cartridge used in the pump should be discarded after 7 days, even if it still contains Humalog. Contact your doctor if your infusion sites are red, itching, or thickened, and then choose a new infusion site.

Follow the external insulin pump manufacturer's instructions carefully for use of Humalog 3 mL cartridges in Disetronic D-TRON®³ or D-TRON®³ plus insulin pump.

DOSAGE

Your doctor has told you which insulin to use, how much, and when and how often to inject it. Because each patient's case of diabetes is different, this schedule has been individualized for you. Your usual Humalog dose may be affected by changes in your food, activity, or work schedule. Carefully follow your doctor's instructions to allow for these changes. Other things that may affect your Humalog dose are:

Illness

Illness, especially with nausea and vomiting, may cause your insulin requirements to change. Even if you are not eating, you will still require insulin. You and your doctor should establish a sick day plan for you to use in case of illness. When you are sick, test your blood glucose/urine glucose and ketones frequently and call your doctor as instructed.

Pregnancy

Good control of diabetes is especially important for you and your unborn baby. Pregnancy may make managing your diabetes more difficult. If you are planning to have a baby, are pregnant, or are nursing a baby, consult your doctor. Humalog has not been tested in pregnant or nursing women.

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients using Humalog had HbA_1c values and hypoglycemia rates similar to those observed in younger patients. The onset of action of Humalog may be different in elderly patients.

Medication

Insulin requirements may be increased if you are taking other drugs with hyperglycemic activity, such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, or thyroid replacement therapy. Insulin requirements may be reduced in the presence of drugs with blood-glucose-lowering activity, such as oral antidiabetic agents, salicylates (for example, aspirin), sulfa antibiotics, alcohol, and certain antidepressants. Your Health Care Professional is aware of other medications that may affect your diabetes control. Therefore, always discuss any medications you are taking with your doctor.

Exercise

Exercise may lower your body's need for insulin products during and for some time after the physical activity. Exercise may also speed up the effect of a dose of Humalog, especially if the exercise involves the area of injection site. Discuss with your doctor how you should adjust your regimen to accommodate exercise.

Travel

Persons traveling across more than 2 time zones should consult their doctor concerning adjustments in their insulin schedule.

COMMON PROBLEMS OF DIABETES

Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)

Hypoglycemia (too little glucose in the blood) is one of the most frequent adverse events experienced by insulin users. It can be brought about by:

1. Missing or delaying meals.
2. Taking too much insulin.
3. Exercising or working more than usual.
4. An infection or illness (especially with diarrhea or vomiting).
5. A change in the body's need for insulin.
6. Diseases of the adrenal, pituitary, or thyroid gland, or progression of kidney or liver disease.
7. Interactions with other drugs that lower blood glucose, such as oral antidiabetic agents, salicylates (for example, aspirin), sulfa antibiotics, and certain antidepressants.
8. Consumption of alcoholic beverages.

   Symptoms of mild to moderate hypoglycemia may occur suddenly and can include:

• sweating • dizziness • palpitation • tremor • hunger • restlessness • tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue • lightheadedness • inability to concentrate • headache	• drowsiness • sleep disturbances • anxiety • blurred vision • slurred speech • depressed mood • irritability • abnormal behavior • unsteady movement • personality changes
Signs of severe hypoglycemia can include:
• disorientation • unconsciousness	• seizures • death

Therefore, it is important that assistance be obtained immediately.

Early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia may be different or less pronounced under certain conditions, such as long duration of diabetes, diabetic nerve disease, use of medications such as beta-blockers, changing insulin preparations, or intensified control (3 or more injections per day) of diabetes. A few patients who have experienced hypoglycemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin.

Without recognition of early warning symptoms, you may not be able to take steps to avoid more serious hypoglycemia. Be alert for all of the various types of symptoms that may indicate hypoglycemia. Patients who experience hypoglycemia without early warning symptoms should monitor their blood glucose frequently, especially prior to activities such as driving. If the blood glucose is below your normal fasting glucose, you should consider eating or drinking sugar-containing foods to treat your hypoglycemia.

Mild to moderate hypoglycemia may be treated by eating foods or drinks that contain sugar. Patients should always carry a quick source of sugar, such as candy mints or glucose tablets. More severe hypoglycemia may require the assistance of another person. Patients who are unable to take sugar orally or who are unconscious require an injection of glucagon or should be treated with intravenous administration of glucose at a medical facility.

You should learn to recognize your own symptoms of hypoglycemia. If you are uncertain about these symptoms, you should monitor your blood glucose frequently to help you learn to recognize the symptoms that you experience with hypoglycemia.

If you have frequent episodes of hypoglycemia or experience difficulty in recognizing the symptoms, you should consult your doctor to discuss possible changes in therapy, meal plans, and/or exercise programs to help you avoid hypoglycemia.

Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Hyperglycemia (too much glucose in the blood) may develop if your body has too little insulin. Hyperglycemia can be brought about by any of the following:

1. Omitting your insulin or taking less than the doctor has prescribed.
2. Eating significantly more than your meal plan suggests.
3. Developing a fever, infection, or other significant stressful situation.

In patients with type1 or insulin-dependent diabetes, prolonged hyperglycemia can result in DKA. The first symptoms of DKA usually come on gradually, over a period of hours or days, and include a drowsy feeling, flushed face, thirst, loss of appetite, and fruity odor on the breath. With DKA, urine tests show large amounts of glucose and ketones. Heavy breathing and a rapid pulse are more severe symptoms. If uncorrected, prolonged hyperglycemia or DKA can lead to nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, dehydration, loss of consciousness, or death. Therefore, it is important that you obtain medical assistance immediately.

Lipodystrophy

Rarely, administration of insulin subcutaneously can result in lipoatrophy (depression in the skin) or lipohypertrophy (enlargement or thickening of tissue). If you notice either of these conditions, consult your doctor. A change in your injection technique may help alleviate the problem.

Allergy

Local Allergy - Patients occasionally experience redness, swelling, and itching at the site of injection of insulin. This condition, called local allergy, usually clears up in a few days to a few weeks. In some instances, this condition may be related to factors other than insulin, such as irritants in the skin cleansing agent or poor injection technique. If you have local reactions, contact your doctor.

Systemic Allergy - Less common, but potentially more serious, is generalized allergy to insulin, which may cause rash over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, fast pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalized allergy may be life threatening. If you think you are having a generalized allergic reaction to insulin, notify a doctor immediately.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information about diabetes may be obtained from your diabetes educator.

DIABETES FORECAST is a magazine designed especially for people with diabetes and their families. It is available by subscription from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), P.O. Box 363, Mt. Morris, IL 61054-0363, 1-800-DIABETES (1-800-342-2383).

Another publication, COUNTDOWN, is available from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRFI),120WallStreet,19thFloor,NewYork, NY 10005, 1-800-533-CURE (1-800-533-2873).

Additional information about Humalog can be obtained by calling The Lilly Answers Center at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979).

¹ HumaPen®, HumaPen MEMOIRTM and HumaPen LUXURATM HD are trademarks of Eli Lilly and Company.

² Autopen® is a registered trademark of Owen Mumford, Ltd.

³ Disetronic®, D-TRON®, and Rapid® are registered trademarks of Roche Diagnostics GMBH. Other product and company names may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Last updated on RxList: 8/6/2007

IMPORTANT NOTE: This is a summary and does not contain all possible information about this product. For complete information about this product or your specific health needs, ask your health care professional. Always seek the advice of your health care professional if you have any questions about this product or your medical condition. This information is not intended as individual medical advice and does not substitute for the knowledge and judgment of your health care professional. This information does not contain any assurances that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you.

INSULIN LISPRO - INJECTION

(IN-sue-lin LISS-pro)

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Humalog

USES: Insulin lispro is a man-made product almost identical to human insulin that is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Like other insulin products, it works by helping sugar (glucose) get into cells. It starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin.

Insulin lispro is usually used in combination with a medium- or long-acting insulin product injected under the skin to control high blood sugar. In some diabetics, insulin lispro may be used alone or with oral diabetes drugs (e.g., sulfonylureas like glyburide or glipizide).

Even with diabetes, you can lead an active and healthy life if you eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and take your insulin as directed. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent heart disease, strokes, kidney disease, circulation problems, blindness, and sexual function problems.

HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using insulin lispro and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Insulin lispro must be injected. Learn all preparation and usage instructions, including how to inject this medication properly and how to self-manage your diabetes (e.g., monitoring blood glucose, recognizing and treating high/low blood sugar). For additional information, consult your doctor, diabetic educator, or pharmacist.

Before using, inspect this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the insulin.

Before injecting each dose, clean the injection site with rubbing alcohol. It is important to change the location of the injection site daily to avoid developing problem areas under the skin (lipodystrophy). To reduce discomfort at the injection site, do not inject cold insulin. The insulin container you are currently using can be kept at room temperature. Insulin lispro may be injected in the abdominal wall, the thigh, or the back of the upper arm.

Inject this medication under the skin within 15 minutes before eating a meal or immediately after the meal as directed by your doctor. Because this insulin is fast-acting, not eating immediately after a dose of this insulin may lead to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Measure each dose very carefully because even small changes in the amount of insulin may have a large effect on your blood sugar levels.

Check your urine/blood sugar as directed by your doctor. Keep track of your results and share them with your doctor. This is very important in order to determine the correct insulin dose.

Use this medication regularly in order to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same time(s) each day.

Giving insulin lispro into a vein is not recommended. Severe low blood sugar may result. Also, it should not be injected into a muscle.

If you are directed to inject this insulin with an infusion pump, read the instruction manual and directions that come with the infusion pump. If you have any questions, consult your doctor, diabetic educator, or pharmacist. Avoid exposing the pump or its tubing to direct sunlight or other heat sources.

This product may be mixed only with certain other insulin products such as NPH insulin. Always draw the insulin lispro into the syringe first, then follow with the longer-acting insulin. Consult your pharmacist about which products may be mixed and the proper method for mixing insulin. Never inject a mixture of different insulins into a vein. Do not mix insulins if you are using an insulin pump.

Do not change brands or types of insulin without directions on how to do so from your doctor.

Learn how to store and discard needles and medical supplies safely. Consult your pharmacist.

SIDE EFFECTS: Injection site reactions (e.g., pain, redness, irritation) may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor immediately if this unlikely but serious side effect occurs: muscle pain.

This medication can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This effect may occur if you do not consume enough calories (from food, juices, fruit, etc.) or if you have taken too much insulin lispro. The symptoms include chills, cold sweat, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, shaking, rapid heart rate, weakness, headache, fainting, tingling of the hands or feet, and hunger. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, quickly raise your blood sugar level by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink a glass of orange juice or non-diet soda. Tell your doctor immediately about the reaction. To help prevent hypoglycemia, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist about what you should do if you miss a meal.

Too little insulin lispro can cause symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Symptoms include thirst, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor. If these symptoms occur, tell your doctor immediately. Your dosage may need to be increased.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, fast heartbeat, sweating, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Contact your doctor for medical advice about side effects. The following numbers do not provide medical advice, but in the US you may report side effects to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1-800-FDA-1088. In Canada, you may call Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

PRECAUTIONS: Before taking insulin lispro, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other insulins; or to cresol; or if you have any other allergies.

Do not use this medication when you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid problems.

You may experience blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness due to extremely low or high blood sugar levels; use caution engaging in activities requiring alertness and clear vision such as driving or using machinery.

Limit alcohol while taking this medication because it can increase the risk of developing hypoglycemia.

During times of stress, such as fever, infection, injury or surgery, it may be more difficult to control your blood sugar. Consult your doctor because a change in your medication or how often you test your blood sugar may be required.

Check your blood sugar readings before and after exercise. You may need a snack beforehand.

If traveling across time zones, ask your doctor about how to adjust your insulin schedule. Take extra insulin and supplies with you.

The elderly may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially hypoglycemia.

Children may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially hypoglycemia. When used in children, diluting insulin lispro before injecting is recommended. Ask your pharmacist about the correct way to dilute insulin.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication. If you are planning pregnancy, discuss a plan for managing your blood sugars with your doctor before you become pregnant. Your doctor may switch the type of insulin you use during pregnancy. Consult your doctor for more details.

It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your healthcare professionals (e.g., doctor or pharmacist) may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for it. Do not start, stop or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: other insulin products (e.g., regular, NPH), oral diabetes medicine (e.g., glyburide, pioglitazone), ACE inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, lisinopril), clonidine, corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone), danazol, disopyramide, estrogens and progestins (including birth control pills), fibrates (e.g., clofibrate, gemfibrozil), fluoxetine, guanethidine, isoniazid, lithium, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, selegiline, tranylcypromine), niacin, pentamidine, pentoxifylline, propoxyphene, protease inhibitors (e.g., indinavir, ritonavir), anti-psychotic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine, atypical anti-psychotics such as clozapine and olanzapine), quinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin), reserpine, salicylates (e.g., aspirin), somatropin, sulfa antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethoxazole), sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine), thyroid medicine, "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide).

Beta-blocker medications (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol, glaucoma eye drops such as timolol) may prevent the fast/pounding heartbeat you would usually feel when your blood sugar level falls too low (hypoglycemia). Other symptoms of low blood sugar such as dizziness, hunger, or sweating are unaffected by these drugs.

Check the labels on all your medicines (e.g., cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that could affect your blood sugar. Ask your pharmacist about the safe use of those products.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. Symptoms of overdose may include headache, sweating, shakiness, increased hunger, vision changes, nervousness, tiredness, seizures, loss of consciousness.

NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.

It is recommended you attend a diabetes education program to understand diabetes and all the important aspects of its treatment, including meals/diet, exercise, personal hygiene, medications, and getting regular eye, foot and medical exams.

Keep all medical appointments. Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood counts) should be performed periodically to monitor for side effects and response to therapy.

Wear or carry identification stating that you have diabetes and are using this drug. See Medical Alert section.

MISSED DOSE: It is very important to follow your insulin regimen exactly. Do not miss any doses of insulin. Discuss specific instructions with your doctor now in case you miss a dose of insulin in the future.

STORAGE: It is best to refrigerate the unopened vial/cartridge/pre-filled pen between 36-46 degrees F (2-8 degrees C). Unopened insulin may also be stored at room temperature below 86 degrees F (30 degrees C), but in that case it must be discarded after 28 days. Once opened, this medication may be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature below 86 degrees F (30 degrees C). Discard 28 days after opening. Do not freeze. Discard the insulin if it has been frozen.

If using this drug in an insulin pump, do not store this drug in the pump for more than 48 hours. Doing so may lead to ineffective therapy and high blood sugars. If using the cartridges in the insulin pump, discard the cartridge after 7 days, even if some insulin remains in the cartridge. Do not expose the insulin in your pump to direct sunlight or temperatures above 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C).

Protect insulin from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. For enrollment information call MedicAlert at 1-800-854-1166 (USA), or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada).

Information last revised July 2008 Copyright(c) 2008 First DataBank, Inc.