Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV Management)
Medical Author:
Eric S. Daar, MD
Eric S. Daar, MD
Dr. Daar received his undergraduate degree from UCLA and medical degree from Georgetown University School of Medicine. He completed an internship and residency in internal medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and his clinical and research fellowship in infectious diseases at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA.
Medical Editor:
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
- HIV facts
- What is the history of HIV, and when was HIV discovered?
- What tests are used in the diagnosis of HIV?
- How is HIV transmitted (spread)?
- What happens after an exposure to the blood or genital secretions of an HIV-infected person?
- What are HIV symptoms and signs in men, women, and children?
- What laboratory tests are used to monitor HIV-infected people?
- What are the key principles in managing HIV infection?
- Should patients with the flu- or mono-like illness of primary HIV infection be treated?
- What about treatment for HIV during pregnancy?
- What can be done for people who have severe immunosuppression?
- What is the future for HIV-infected individuals with regards to treatment simplification and cure research?
- What is in the future for preventing HIV transmission?
- HIV-AIDS Rxlist FAQs
- Patient Comments: HIV - How it's Spread
- Patient Comments: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, AIDS) - Symptoms
- Find a local Infectious Disease Specialist in your town
HIV facts
- The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus called a retrovirus, which infects humans when it comes in contact with tissues such as those that line the vagina, anal area, mouth, or eyes, or through a break in the skin.
- HIV infection is generally a slowly progressive disease in which the virus is present throughout the body at all stages of the disease.
- Three stages of HIV infection have been described.
- The initial stage of infection (primary infection), which occurs within weeks of acquiring the virus, often is characterized by a flu- or mono-like illness that generally resolves within weeks.
- The stage of chronic asymptomatic infection (meaning a long duration of infection without symptoms) lasts an average of eight to 10 years.
- The stage of symptomatic infection, in which the body's immune (or defense) system has been suppressed and complications have developed, is called the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The symptoms are caused by the complications of AIDS, which include one or more unusual infections or cancers, severe loss of weight, and intellectual deterioration (called dementia).
- When HIV grows (that is, by reproducing itself), it acquires the ability to change (mutate) its own structure. This mutation enables the virus to become resistant to previously effective drug therapy.
- The goals of drug therapy are to prevent damage to the immune system by the HIV virus and to halt or delay the progress of the infection to symptomatic disease.
- Therapy for HIV includes combinations of drugs that decrease the growth of the virus to such an extent that the treatment prevents or markedly delays the development of viral resistance to the drugs.
- The best combination of drugs for HIV has not yet been defined, but one of the most important factors is that the combination be well tolerated so that people can follow it consistently without missing doses.
Patient Comments
Viewers share their comments
HIV - Diagnosis
Question: What tests did you have to diagnose HIV? What was your reaction?
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HIV - How it's Spread
Question: If known, please share how you contracted HIV.
HIV - Tests
Question: What tests are used to monitor your HIV?
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HIV - Management
Question: Please share the ways in which you manage your HIV.
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HIV - Pregnancy Treatment
Question: Please describe your experience with HIV treatment during pregnancy. Does your child have HIV?
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HIV - Prevention
Question: In what ways do you actively prevent HIV transmission?
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, AIDS) - Symptoms
Question: What symptoms have you experienced with your HIV infection?
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