LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets contain the synthetic allylamine antifungal compound terbinafine hydrochloride.

Chemically, terbinafine hydrochloride is (E)-N-(6,6-dimethyl-2-hepten-4-ynyl)-N-methyl -1- naphthalenemethanamine hydrochloride. The empirical formula C₂₁H₂₆CIN with a molecular weight of 327.90, and the following structural formula:

Terbinafine hydrochloride is a white to off-white fine crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and methylene chloride, soluble in ethanol, and slightly soluble in water.

Each tablet contains:

Active Ingredients: terbinafine hydrochloride (equivalent to 250 mg base)

Inactive Ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, NF; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, USP; magnesium stearate, NF; microcrystalline cellulose, NF; sodium starch glycolate, NF

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

LAMISIL®(terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium) (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL STUDIES).

Prior to initiating treatment, appropriate nail specimens for laboratory testing (KOH preparation, fungal culture, or nail biopsy) should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis.

LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets, one 250 mg tablet, should be taken once daily for 6 weeks by patients with fingernail onychomycosis. LAMISIL®, one 250 mg tablet, should be taken once daily for 12 weeks by patients with toenail onychomycosis. The optimal clinical effect is seen some months after mycological cure and cessation of treatment. This is related to the period required for outgrowth of healthy nail.

LAMISIL®
(terbinafine hydrochloride tablets)

Tablets

Supplied as white to yellow-tinged white circular, bi-convex, bevelled tablets containing 250 mg of terbinafine imprinted with “LAMISIL” in circular form on one side and code “250” on the other.

Bottles of 100 tablets......... NDC 0078-0179-05

Bottles of 30 tablets.......... NDC 0078-0179-15

Store tablets below 25 °C (77 °F); in a tight container. Protect from light.

Manufactured by: Patheon Whitby Inc. Whitby, Ontario, Canada L1N 5Z5. Distributed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation., East Hanover, New Jersey 07936. REV: January 2004. FDA Rev date: 1/21/2004

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

The most frequently reported adverse events observed in the three US/Canadian placebo-controlled trials are listed in the table below. The adverse events reported encompass gastrointestinal symptoms (including diarrhea, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain), liver test abnormalities, rashes, urticaria, pruritus, and taste disturbances. In general, the adverse events were mild, transient, and did not lead to discontinuation from study participation.

	Adverse Event		Discontinuation
	LAMISIL® (%) n=465	Placebo (%) n=137	LAMISIL® (%) n=465	Placebo (%) n=137
Headache	12.9	9.5	0.2	0.0
Gastrointestinal Symptoms:
Diarrhea	5.6	2.9	0.6	0.0
Dyspepsia	4.3	2.9	0.4	0.0
Abdominal Pain	2.4	1.5	0.4	0.0
Nausea	2.6	2.9	0.2	0.0
Flatulence	2.2	2.2	0.0	0.0
Dermatological Symptoms:
Rash	5.6	2.2	0.9	0.7
Pruritus	2.8	1.5	0.2	0.0
Urticaria	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Liver Enzyme      Abnormalities*	3.3	1.4	0.2	0.0
Taste Disturbance	2.8	0.7	0.2	0.0
Visual Disturbance	1.1	1.5	0.9	0.0
* Liver enzyme abnormalities ≥2x the upper limit of the normal range.

Rare adverse events, based on worldwide experience with LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets use, include: idiosyncratic and symptomatic hepatic injury and more rarely, cases of liver failure, some leading to death or liver transplant, (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS), serious skin reactions (see WARNINGS), severe neutropenia (see PRECAUTIONS), thrombocytopenia, angioedema and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis). Precipitation and exacerbation of cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus have been reported infrequently in patients taking LAMISIL® . Uncommonly, LAMISIL® may cause taste disturbance (including taste loss) which usually recovers within several weeks after discontinuation of the drug. There have been isolated reports of prolonged (greater than one year) taste disturbance. Rarely, taste disturbances associated with oral terbinafine have been reported to be severe enough to result in decreased food intake leading to significant and unwanted weight loss.

Other adverse reactions which have been reported include malaise, fatigue, vomiting, arthralgia, myalgia, and hair loss. Clinical adverse effects reported spontaneously since the drug was marketed include altered prothrombin time (prolongation and reduction) in patients concomitantly treated with warfarin and LAMISIL® Tablets and agranulocytosis (rare).

In vivo studies have shown that terbinafine is an inhibitor of the CYP450 2D6 isozyme. Coadministration of LAMISIL® with drugs predominantly metabolized by the CYP450 2D6 isozyme (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, beta-blockers and monoamine oxidase inhibitors Type B) should be done with careful monitoring and may require a reduction in dose of the 2D6-metabolized drug. In a study to assess the effects of terbinafine on desipramine in healthy volunteers characterized as normal metabolizers, the administration of terbinafine resulted in a 2-fold increase in Cmax and a 5-fold increase in AUC. In this study, these effects were shown to persist at the last observation at 4 weeks after discontinuation of LAMISIL®.

In vitro studies with human liver microsomes showed that terbinafine does not inhibit the metabolism of tolbutamide, ethinylestradiol, ethoxycoumarin, and cyclosporine.

In vivo drug-drug interaction studies conducted in healthy volunteer subjects showed that terbinafine does not affect the clearance of antipyrine or digoxin.

Terbinafine decreases the clearance of caffeine by 19%. Terbinafine increases the clearance of cyclosporine by 15%.

There have been spontaneous reports of increase or decrease in prothrombin times in patients concomitantly taking oral terbinafine and warfarin, however, a causal relationship between LAMISIL® Tablets and these changes has not been established.

Terbinafine clearance is increased 100% by rifampin, a CYP450 enzyme inducer, and decreased 33% by cimetidine, a CYP450 enzyme inhibitor. Terbinafine clearance is unaffected by cyclosporine.

There is no information available from adequate drug-drug interaction studies with the following classes of drugs: oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapies, hypoglycemics, theophyllines, phenytoins, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers.

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

Rare cases of liver failure, some leading to death or liver transplant, have occurred with the use of LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets for the treatment of onychomycosis in individuals with and without pre-existing liver disease.

In the majority of liver cases reported in association with LAMISIL® use, the patients had serious underlying systemic conditions and an uncertain causal association with LAMISIL®. The severity of hepatic events and/or their outcome may be worse in patients with active or chronic liver disease (see PRECAUTIONS). Treatment with LAMISIL® Tablets should be discontinued if biochemical or clinical evidence of liver injury develops (see PRECAUTIONS below).

There have been isolated reports of serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson Ssyndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis). If progressive skin rash occurs, treatment with LAMISIL® should be discontinued.

General

LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets are not recommended for patients with chronic or active liver disease. Before prescribing LAMISIL® Tablets, pre-existing liver disease should be assessed. Hepatotoxicity may occur in patients with and without pre-existing liver disease. Pretreatment serum transaminase (ALT and AST) tests are advised for all patients before taking LAMISIL® Tablets. Patients prescribed LAMISIL® Tablets should be warned to report immediately to their physician any symptoms of persistent nausea, anorexia, fatigue, vomiting, right upper abdominal pain or jaundice, dark urine or pale stools (see WARNINGS). Patients with these symptoms should discontinue taking oral terbinafine, and the patient's liver function should be immediately evaluated.

In patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/ min), the use of LAMISIL® has not been adequately studied, and therefore, is not recommended (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics).

During postmarketing experience, precipitation and exacerbation of cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus have been reported infrequently in patients taking LAMISIL®. LAMISIL® therapy should be discontinued in patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of lupus erythematosus.

Changes in the ocular lens and retina have been reported following the use of LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets in controlled trials. The clinical significance of these changes is unknown.

Transient decreases in absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) have been observed in controlled clinical trials. In placebo-controlled trials, 8/465 LAMISIL®-treated patients (1.7%) and 3/137 placebo-treated patients (2.2%) had decreases in ALC to below 1000/mm³ on two or more occasions. The clinical significance of this observation is unknown. However, in patients with known or suspected immunodeficiency, physicians should consider monitoring complete blood counts in individuals using LAMISIL® therapy for greater than six weeks.

Isolated cases of severe neutropenia have been reported. These were reversible upon discontinuation of LAMISIL®, with or without supportive therapy. If clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of secondary infection occur, a complete blood count should be obtained. If the neutrophil count is ≤ 1,000 cells/mm³, LAMISIL® should be discontinued and supportive management started.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In a 28-month oral carcinogenicity study in rats, an increase in the incidence of liver tumors was observed in males at the highest dose tested, 69 mg/kg/day [2x the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) based on AUC comparisons of the parent terbinafine]; however, even though dose-limiting toxicity was not achieved at the highest tested dose, higher doses were not tested.

The results of a variety of in vitro (mutations in E. coli and S. typhimurium, DNA repair in rat hepatocytes, mutagenicity in Chinese hamster fibroblasts, chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster lung cells), and in vivo (chromosome aberration in Chinese hamsters, micronucleus test in mice) genotoxicity tests gave no evidence of a mutagenic or clastogenic potential. Oral reproduction studies in rats at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (approximately 12x the MRHD based on body surface area comparisons, BSA) did not reveal any specific effects on fertility or other reproductive parameters. Intravaginal application of terbinafine hydrochloride at 150 mg/day in pregnant rabbits did not increase the incidence of abortions or premature deliveries nor affect fetal parameters.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B: Oral reproduction studies have been performed in rabbits and rats at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (12x to 23x the MRHD, in rabbits and rats, respectively, based on BSA) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to terbinafine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, and because treatment of onychomycosis can be postponed until after pregnancy is completed, it is recommended that LAMISIL® not be initiated during pregnancy.

Nursing Mothers

After oral administration, terbinafine is present in breast milk of nursing mothers. The ratio of terbinafine in milk to plasma is 7:1. Treatment with LAMISIL® is not recommended in nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of LAMISIL® have not been established in pediatric patients.

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

Clinical experience regarding overdose with LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets is limited. Doses up to 5 grams (20 times the therapeutic daily dose) have been taken without inducing serious adverse reactions. The symptoms of overdose included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, rash, frequent urination, and headache.

LAMISIL®(terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets are contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to terbinafine or to any other ingredients of the formulation.

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

Pharmacokinetics

Following oral administration, terbinafine is well absorbed (>70%) and the bioavailability of LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets as a result of first-pass metabolism is approximately 40%. Peak plasma concentrations of 1 µg/mL appear within 2 h after a single 250 mg dose; the AUC (area under the curve) is approximately 4.56 µg·h/mL. An increase in the AUC of terbinafine of less than 20% is observed when LAMISIL® is administered with food. No clinically relevant age-dependent changes in steady-state plasma concentrations of terbinafine have been reported. In patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤ 50mL/min) or hepatic cirrhosis, the clearance of terbinafine is decreased by approximately 50% compared to normal volunteers. No effect of gender on the blood levels of terbinafine was detected in clinical trials. In plasma, terbinafine is >99% bound to plasma proteins and there are no specific binding sites. At steady-state, in comparison to a single dose, the peak concentration of terbinafine is 25% higher and plasma AUC increases by a factor of 2.5; the increase in plasma AUC is consistent with an effective half-life of ~36 hours. Terbinafine is distributed to the sebum and skin. A terminal half-life of 200-400 h may represent the slow elimination of terbinafine from tissues such as skin and adipose. Prior to excretion, terbinafine is extensively metabolized. No metabolites have been identified that have antifungal activity similar to terbinafine. Approximately 70% of the administered dose is eliminated in the urine.

Microbiology

Terbinafine hydrochloride is a synthetic allylamine derivative. Terbinafine hydrochloride is hypothesized to act by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, thus blocking the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. In vitro, mammalian squalene epoxidase is only inhibited at higher (4000 fold) concentrations than is needed for inhibition of the dermatophyte enzyme. Depending on the concentration of the drug and the fungal species test in vitro, terbinafine hydrochloride may be fungicidal. However, the clinical significance of in vitro data is unknown.

Terbinafine has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Trichophyton rubrum

The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. In vitro, terbinafine exhibits satisfactory MIC's against most strains of the following microorganisms; however, the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in treating clinical infections due to these microorganisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials:

Candida albicans

Epidermophyton floccosum

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis

Clinical Studies

The efficacy of LAMISIL® (terbinafine hydrochloride tablets) Tablets in the treatment of onychomycosis is illustrated by the response of patients with toenail and/or fingernail infections who participated in three US/Canadian placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Results of the first toenail study, as assessed at week 48 (12 weeks of treatment with 36 weeks follow-up after completion of therapy), demonstrated mycological cure, defined as simultaneous occurrence of negative KOH plus negative culture, in 70% of patients. Fifty-nine percent (59%) of patients experienced effective treatment (mycological cure plus 0% nail involvement or >5mm of new unaffected nail growth); 38% of patients demonstrated mycological cure plus clinical cure (0% nail involvement).

In a second toenail study of dermatophytic onychomycosis, in which non-dermatophytes were also cultured, similar efficacy against the dermatophytes was demonstrated. The pathogenic role of the non-dermatophytes cultured in the presence of dermatophytic onychomycosis has not been established. The clinical significance of this association is unknown.

Results of the fingernail study, as assessed at week 24 (6 weeks of treatment with 18 weeks follow-up after completion of therapy), demonstrated mycological cure in 79% of patients, effective treatment in 75% of the patients, and mycological cure plus clinical cure in 59% of the patients.

The mean time to overall success was approximately 10 months for the first toenail study and 4 months for the fingernail study. In the first toenail study, for patients evaluated at least six months after achieving clinical cure and at least one year after completing LAMISIL® therapy, the clinical relapse rate was approximately 15%.

Animal Toxicology

A wide range of in vivo studies in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys, and in vitro studies using rat, monkey, and human hepatocytes suggest that peroxisome proliferation in the liver is a rat-specific finding. However, other effects, including increased liver weights and APTT, occurred in dogs and monkeys at doses giving Css trough levels of the parent terbinafine 2-3x those seen in humans at the MRHD. Higher doses were not tested.

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

No information provided. Please refer to the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections.

Last updated on RxList: 8/20/2007

IMPORTANT NOTE: This is a summary and does not contain all possible information about this product. For complete information about this product or your specific health needs, ask your health care professional. Always seek the advice of your health care professional if you have any questions about this product or your medical condition. This information is not intended as individual medical advice and does not substitute for the knowledge and judgment of your health care professional. This information does not contain any assurances that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you.

TERBINAFINE - ORAL

(ter-BIN-uh-feen)

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Lamisil

USES: Terbinafine is used to treat certain types of fungal infections (e.g., fingernail or toenail). It works by stopping the growth of fungus. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as antifungals.

HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually once a day or as directed by your doctor. Dosage and length of treatment is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

It may take several months after you finish treatment to see the full benefit of this drug. It takes time for your new healthy nails to grow out and replace the infected nails.

Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished. Stopping the medication too early may allow the fungus to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

SIDE EFFECTS: Diarrhea, stomach upset, or temporary change or loss of taste may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: new signs of infection (e.g., fever, chills, persistent sore throat), vision changes.

This drug has rarely caused very serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Tell your doctor immediately if you develop symptoms of liver disease, including persistent nausea, loss of appetite, severe stomach/abdominal pain, dark urine, vomiting, yellowing eyes/skin.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Contact your doctor for medical advice about side effects. The following numbers do not provide medical advice, but in the US you may report side effects to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1-800-FDA-1088. In Canada, you may call Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

PRECAUTIONS: Before taking terbinafine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.

This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: liver disease.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: immune system problems, kidney disease, lupus.

Limit alcoholic beverages. Daily use of alcohol may increase your chance for serious side effects.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Fungal nail infection treatment can usually wait until after you have had your baby. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Therefore, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: warfarin, drugs affecting liver enzymes that remove terbinafine from your body (such as amiodarone, cimetidine, rifampin, azole antifungals such as fluconazole/ketoconazole), drugs removed from your body by certain liver enzymes (such as tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI antidepressants, beta blockers, cyclosporine, dextromethorphan, drugs to treat heart rhythm problems, monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B such as rasagiline).

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US National Poison Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.

This medication has been prescribed for your current condition only. Do not use it later for another infection unless your doctor directs you to do so. A different medication may be necessary in those cases.

Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., complete blood counts, liver function tests) should be performed before you start terbinafine and periodically during your treatment to check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.

MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

STORAGE: Store at room temperature at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

Information last revised July 2008 Copyright(c) 2008 First DataBank, Inc.