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The most serious adverse reactions seen in Lialda clinical trials or with other products that contain or are metabolized to mesalamine are:

• Renal impairment, including renal failure [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Mesalamine-induced acute intolerance syndrome [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Hypersensitivity reactions [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Hepatic impairment, including hepatic failure [See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

LIALDA has been evaluated in 1368 ulcerative colitis patients in controlled and open-label trials.

Induction of Remission

In two 8-week placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 535 ulcerative colitis patients, 356 received 2.4 g/day or 4.8 g/day LIALDA tablets and 179 received placebo. The most frequent adverse reaction leading to discontinuation from LIALDA therapy was exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (0.8%). Pancreatitis occurred in less than 1% of patients during clinical trials and resulted in discontinuation of therapy with LIALDA in patients experiencing this event.

Adverse reactions occurring in LIALDA or placebo groups at a frequency of at least 1% in two 8-week, double blind, placebo-controlled trials are listed in Table 1. The most common adverse reactions with LIALDA 2.4 g/day and 4.8 g/day were headache (5.6% and 3.4%, respectively) and flatulence (4% and 2.8%, respectively).

Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Two Eight-Week Placebo-Controlled Trials Experienced by at Least 1% of the LIALDA Group and at a Rate Greater than Placebo^a

The following adverse reactions, presented by body system, were reported infrequently (less than 1%) by LIALDA-treated ulcerative colitis patients in the two controlled trials.

Cardiac Disorder: tachycardia

Vascular Disorders: hypertension, hypotension

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: acne, prurigo, rash, urticaria

Gastrointestinal Disorders: abdominal distention, colitis, diarrhea, pancreatitis, rectal polyp, vomiting Investigations: decreased platelet count

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: arthralgia, back pain

Nervous System Disorders: somnolence, tremor

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: pharyngolaryngeal pain

General Disorders and Administrative Site Disorders: asthenia, face edema, fatigue, pyrexia

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: ear pain

Maintenance of Remission of Ulcerative Colitis

The dose evaluated in three studies of LIALDA given for the maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis was 1.2 g twice daily or 2.4 g/once daily. One of these studies was a 6-month double-blind comparator study while two were 12- to 14-month open-label studies.

The most common adverse reactions with LIALDA in the maintenance arms of long-term trials were colitis ulcerative (5.8%), headache (2.9%), liver function test abnormal (2.3%), and abdominal pain (2.2%). Of the 1082 subjects in the all maintenance studies pooled, 1.9% had severe adverse reactions. The most common severe adverse reactions were gastrointestinal disorders; these were mainly symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions in Three Maintenance Trials Experienced by at Least 1% of the LIALDA Group (maintenance phases of trials)

The following adverse reactions, presented by body system, were reported infrequently (less than 1%) by LIALDA-treated ulcerative colitis patients in the three long-term maintenance trials (maintenance phases of these trials):

Cardiac Disorder: tachycardia

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: acne, alopecia, pruritis, urticaria

Gastrointestinal Disorders: colitis, flatulence, nausea, pancreatitis, rectal polyp, vomiting

Nervous System Disorders: dizziness

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: pharyngolaryngeal pain

General Disorders and Administrative Site Disorders: asthenia, pyrexia

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: ear pain

Postmarketing Experience

In addition to the adverse reactions reported above in clinical trials involving LIALDA, the adverse reactions listed below have been identified during post-approval use of LIALDA and other mesalamine-containing products. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Body as a Whole: lupus-like syndrome, drug fever

Cardiac Disorders: pericarditis, pericardial effusion, myocarditis

Gastrointestinal: pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforated peptic ulcer

Hepatic: jaundice, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, liver necrosis, liver failure, Kawasaki-like syndrome including changes in liver enzymes

Hematologic: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Neurological/Psychiatric: peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis

Renal Disorders: interstitial nephritis

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: hypersensitivity pneumonitis (including interstitial pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, eosinophilic pneumonitis)

Skin: psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Urogenital: reversible oligospermia

No investigations of interaction between LIALDA and other drugs have been performed. However, the following interactions between mesalamine medications and other drugs have been reported.

Nephrotoxic Agents, Including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

The concurrent use of mesalamine with known nephrotoxic agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of renal reactions.

Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine

The concurrent use of mesalamine with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine may increase the risk for blood disorders.

Last reviewed on RxList: 7/29/2011
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.