Mannitol IV (Mannitol Injection) Drug Information: Overdosage and Contraindications

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May 27, 2012

Mannitol IV

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Glaucoma is a disease of the major nerve of vision, called the optic nerve. The optic nerve receives light-generated nerve impulses from the retina and transmits these to the brain, where we recognize those electrical signals as vision. Glaucoma is characterized by a particular pattern of progressive damage to the optic nerve that generally begins with a subtle loss of side vision (peripheral vision). If glaucoma is not diagnosed and treated, it can progress to loss of central vision and blindness.

Glaucoma is usually, but not always, associated with elevated pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). Generally, it is this elevated eye pressure that leads to damage of the eye (optic) nerve. In some cases, glaucoma may occur in the presence of normal eye pressure. This form of glaucoma is believed to be caused by poor regulation of blood flow to the optic nerve.

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Mannitol IV

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OVERDOSE

Too rapid infusion of large amounts of mannitol (mannitol (mannitol injection) injection) will cause a shift of intracellular water into the extracellular compartment resulting in cellular dehydration and overexpansion of the intravascular space with hyponatremia, congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. Repeated doses should not be given to patients with persistent oliguria as this can produce a hyperosmolar state and precipitate congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema due to volume overload. Dosage must be carefully monitored and adjusted in accordance with the clinical situation to avoid the consequences of overdosage. See CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Well established anuria due to severe renal disease.
Severe pulmonary congestion or frank pulmonary edema.
Active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.
Severe dehydration.
Progressive renal damage or dysfunction after institution of mannitol (mannitol (mannitol injection) injection) therapy, including increasing oliguria and azotemia.
Progressive heart failure or pulmonary congestion after institution of mannitol (mannitol (mannitol injection) injection) therapy.
Do not administer to patients with a known hypersensitivity to mannitol.