Mirena
(levonorgestrel-releasing) Intrauterine System
Mirena is intended to provide an initial release rate of 20 mcg/day of levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel USP, (-)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, the active ingredient in Mirena, has a molecular weight of 312.4, a molecular formula of C21H28O2, and the following structural formula:
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Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) consists of a T-shaped polyethylene frame (T-body) with a steroid reservoir (hormone elastomer core) around the vertical stem. The reservoir consists of a white or almost white cylinder, made of a mixture of levonorgestrel and silicone (polydimethylsiloxane), containing a total of 52 mg levonorgestrel. The reservoir is covered by a semi-opaque silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) membrane. The T-body is 32 mm in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The polyethylene of the T-body is compounded with barium sulfate, which makes it radiopaque. A monofilament brown polyethylene removal thread is attached to a loop at the end of the vertical stem of the T-body.
Schematic drawing of Mirena
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Mirena is packaged sterile within an inserter. The inserter, which is used for insertion of Mirena into the uterine cavity, consists of a symmetric two-sided body and slider that are integrated with flange, lock, pre-bent insertion tube and plunger. Once Mirena is in place, the inserter is discarded.
Diagram of Inserter
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Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
Mirena is recommended for women who have had at least one child.
The system should be replaced after 5 years if continued use is desired.
Mirena contains 52 mg of levonorgestrel. Initially, levonorgestrel is released at a rate of approximately 20 mcg/day. This rate decreases progressively to half that value after 5 years.
Mirena is packaged sterile within an inserter. Information regarding insertion instructions, patient counseling and record keeping, patient follow-up, removal of Mirena and continuation of contraception after removal is provided below.
Figure 1a : Mirena and inserter
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Preparation for insertion
Insertion Procedure
Ensure use of sterile technique throughout the entire procedure.
Figure 1b: Aligning the arms with the slider in the furthest
position
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Figure 1c : Checking that the arms are horizontal and aligned
with respect to the scale
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If the knobs do not meet properly
If the knobs do not meet properly, release the arms by pulling the slider back to the mark (raised horizontal line on the handle) (Figure 6a). Re-load Mirena by aligning the open arms on a sterile surface (Figure 1b). Return the slider to its furthermost position and pull on both threads. Check for proper loading (Figure 2b).
Figure 2a : Loading Mirena into the insertion tube
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Figure 2b : Properly loaded Mirena with knobs closing the
end of the insertion tube
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Secure the threads in the cleft at the bottom end of the handle to keep Mirena in the loaded position (Figure 3).
Figure 3 : Threads are secured in the cleft
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Set the upper edge of the flange to the depth measured during the uterine sounding (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Setting the flange to the uterine depth
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NOTE! Do not force the inserter. If necessary, dilate the cervical canal.
Figure 5. Advancing insertion tube until flange is 1.5 to
2 cm from cervical os
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Figure 6a : Pulling the slider back to reach the mark
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Figure 6b : Releasing the arms of Mirena
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Gently advance the inserter into the uterine cavity until the flange meets the cervix and you feel fundal resistance. Mirena should now be in the desired fundal position (Figure 7).
Figure 7: Mirena in the fundal position
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Figure 8 : Releasing Mirena from the insertion tube
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NOTE: Cutting threads at an angle may leave sharp ends.
Figure 9. Cutting the threads
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Mirena insertion is now complete.
Important information to consider during or after insertion
Mirena is a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing a total of 52 mg levonorgestrel.
Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system), containing a total of 52 mg levonorgestrel, is available in a carton of one sterile unit NDC# 50419-421-01. Each Mirena is packaged together with an inserter in a thermoformed blister package with a peelable lid.
Mirena is supplied sterile. Mirena is sterilized with ethylene oxide. Do not resterilize. For single use only. Do not use if the inner package is damaged or open. Insert before the end of the month shown on the label.
Store at 25°C (77°F); with excursions permitted between 15–30°C (59–86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Manufactured for: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wayne, NJ 07470. Manufactured in Finland, 1-866-647-3646. September 2009.
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
The following most serious adverse reactions associated with the use of Mirena are discussed in greater detail in the Warnings and Precautions section (5):
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data provided reflect the experience with the use of Mirena in the adequate and well-controlled studies for contraception (n=2,339) and heavy menstrual bleeding (n=80). For the contraception indication, Mirena was compared to a copper IUD (n=1,855), to another formulation of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (n=390) and to a combined oral contraceptive (n=94) in women 18 to 35 years old. The data cover more than 92,000 woman-months of exposure. For the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding indication (n=80), the subjects included women aged 26 to 50 with confirmed heavy bleeding and exposed for a median of 183 treatment days of Mirena (range 7 to 295 days). The frequencies of reported adverse drug reactions represent crude incidences.
The adverse reactions seen across the 2 indications overlapped, and are reported using the frequencies from the contraception studies.
The most common adverse reactions ( ≥ 5% users) are uterine/vaginal bleeding alterations (51.9%), amenorrhea (23.9%), intermenstrual bleeding and spotting (23.4%), abdominal/pelvic pain (12.8%), ovarian cysts (12%), headache/migraine (7.7%), acne (7.2%), depressed/altered mood (6.4%), menorrhagia (6.3%), breast tenderness/pain (4.9%), vaginal discharge (4.9%) and IUD expulsion (4.9%).
Other relevant adverse reactions occurring in < 5% of subjects include nausea, nervousness, vulvovaginitis, dysmenorrhea, back pain, weight increase, decreased libido, cervicitis/Papanicolaou smear normal/class II, hypertension, dyspareunia, anemia, alopecia, skin disorders including eczema, pruritus, rash and urticaria, abdominal distention, hirsutism and edema.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Mirena: device breakage and angioedema. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Drugs or herbal products that induce enzymes, including CYP3A4, that metabolize progestins may decrease the serum concentrations of progestins.
Some drugs or herbal products that may decrease the serum concentration of levonorgestrel include:
Significant changes (increase or decrease) in the serum concentrations of the progestin have been noted in some cases of co-administration with HIV protease inhibitors or with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Consult the labeling of all concurrently used drugs to obtain further information about interactions with Mirena or the potential for enzyme alterations.
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
Evaluate women who become pregnant while using Mirena for ectopic pregnancy. Up to half of pregnancies that occur with Mirena in place are ectopic. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in clinical trials that excluded women with risk factors for ectopic pregnancy was approximately 0.1% per year.
Tell women who choose Mirena about the risks of ectopic pregnancy, including the loss of fertility. Teach them to recognize and report to their physician promptly any symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Women with a previous history of ectopic pregnancy, tubal surgery or pelvic infection carry a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy.
The risk of ectopic pregnancy in women who have a history of ectopic pregnancy and use Mirena is unknown. Clinical trials of Mirena excluded women with a history of ectopic pregnancy.
If pregnancy should occur with Mirena in place, Mirena should be removed. Removal or manipulation of Mirena may result in pregnancy loss. In the event of an intrauterine pregnancy with Mirena, consider the following:
In patients becoming pregnant with an IUD in place, septic abortion—with septicemia, septic shock, and death—may occur.
If a woman becomes pregnant with Mirena in place and if Mirena cannot be removed or the woman chooses not to have it removed, she should be warned that failure to remove Mirena increases the risk of miscarriage, sepsis, premature labor and premature delivery. She should be followed closely and advised to report immediately any flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, cramping, pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge or leakage of fluid.
When pregnancy continues with Mirena in place, long-term effects on the offspring are unknown. As of September 2006, 390 live births out of an estimated 9.9 million Mirena users had been reported. Congenital anomalies in live births have occurred infrequently. No clear trend towards specific anomalies has been observed. Because of the intrauterine administration of levonorgestrel and local exposure of the fetus to the hormone, the possibility of teratogenicity following exposure to Mirena cannot be completely excluded. Some observational data support a small increased risk of masculinization of the external genitalia of the female fetus following exposure to progestins at doses greater than those currently used for oral contraception. Whether these data apply to Mirena is unknown.
As of September 2006, 9 cases of Group A streptococcal sepsis (GAS) out of an estimated 9.9 million Mirena users had been reported. In some cases, severe pain occurred within hours of insertion followed by sepsis within days. Because death from GAS is more likely if treatment is delayed, it is important to be aware of these rare but serious infections. Aseptic technique during insertion of Mirena is essential. GAS sepsis may also occur postpartum, after surgery, and from wounds.
Mirena is contraindicated in the presence of known or suspected PID or in women with a history of PID unless there has been a subsequent intrauterine pregnancy. Use of IUDs has been associated with an increased risk of PID. The highest risk of PID occurs shortly after insertion (usually within the first 20 days thereafter) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. A decision to use Mirena must include consideration of the risks of PID.
PID is often associated with a sexually transmitted disease, and Mirena does not protect against sexually transmitted disease. The risk of PID is greater for women who have multiple sexual partners, and also for women whose sexual partner(s) have multiple sexual partners. Women who have had PID are at increased risk for a recurrence or re-infection.
All women who choose Mirena must be informed prior to insertion about the possibility of PID and that PID can cause tubal damage leading to ectopic pregnancy or infertility, or infrequently can necessitate hysterectomy, or cause death. Patients must be taught to recognize and report to their physician promptly any symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. These symptoms include development of menstrual disorders (prolonged or heavy bleeding), unusual vaginal discharge, abdominal or pelvic pain or tenderness, dyspareunia, chills, and fever.
PID may be asymptomatic but still result in tubal damage and its sequelae.
Following a diagnosis of PID, or suspected PID, bacteriologic specimens should be obtained and antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly. Removal of Mirena after initiation of antibiotic therapy is usually appropriate. Guidelines for PID treatment are available from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
Actinomycosis has been associated with IUDs. Symptomatic women with IUDs should have the IUD removed and should receive antibiotics. However, the management of the asymptomatic carrier is controversial because actinomycetes can be found normally in the genital tract cultures in healthy women without IUDs. False positive findings of actinomycosis on Pap smears can be a problem. When possible, confirm the Pap smear diagnosis with cultures.
Mirena can alter the bleeding pattern and result in spotting, irregular bleeding, heavy bleeding, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. During the first three to six months of Mirena use, the number of bleeding and spotting days may be increased and bleeding patterns may be irregular. Thereafter the number of bleeding and spotting days usually decreases but bleeding may remain irregular. If bleeding irregularities develop during prolonged treatment, appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken to rule out endometrial pathology.
Amenorrhea develops in approximately 20% of Mirena users by one year. The possibility of pregnancy should be considered if menstruation does not occur within six weeks of the onset of previous menstruation. Once pregnancy has been excluded, repeated pregnancy tests are generally not necessary in amenorrheic women unless indicated, for example, by other signs of pregnancy or by pelvic pain [see Clinical Studies].
In most women with heavy menstrual bleeding, the number of bleeding and spotting days may also increase during the initial months of therapy but usually decrease with continued use; the volume of blood loss per cycle progressively becomes reduced [see Clinical Studies].
Embedment of Mirena in the myometrium may occur. Embedment may decrease contraceptive effectiveness and result in pregnancy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. An embedded Mirena should be removed. Embedment can result in difficult removal and, in some cases surgical removal may be necessary.
Perforation or penetration of the uterine wall or cervix may occur during insertion although the perforation may not be detected until some time later. If perforation occurs, pregnancy may result [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Mirena must be located and removed; surgery may be required. Delayed detection of perforation may result in migration outside the uterine cavity, adhesions, peritonitis, intestinal perforations, intestinal obstruction, abscesses and erosion of adjacent viscera.
The risk of perforation may be increased in lactating women, in women with fixed retroverted uteri, and during the postpartum period. To decrease the risk of perforation postpartum, Mirena insertion should be delayed a minimum of 6 weeks after delivery or until uterine involution is complete. If involution is substantially delayed, consider waiting until 12 weeks postpartum. Inserting Mirena immediately after first trimester abortion is not known to increase the risk of perforation, but insertion after second trimester abortion should be delayed until uterine involution is complete.
Partial or complete expulsion of Mirena may occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Symptoms of the partial or complete expulsion of any lUD may include bleeding or pain. However, the system can be expelled from the uterine cavity without the woman noticing it, resulting in the loss of contraceptive protection. Partial expulsion may decrease the effectiveness of Mirena. As menstrual flow typically decreases after the first 3 to 6 months of Mirena use, an increase of menstrual flow may be indicative of an expulsion. If expulsion has occurred, Mirena may be replaced within 7 days of a menstrual period after pregnancy has been ruled out.
Since the contraceptive effect of Mirena is mainly due to its local effect, ovulatory cycles with follicular rupture usually occur in women of fertile age using Mirena. Sometimes atresia of the follicle is delayed and the follicle may continue to grow. Enlarged follicles have been diagnosed in about 12% of the subjects using Mirena. Most of these follicles are asymptomatic, although some may be accompanied by pelvic pain or dyspareunia. In most cases the enlarged follicles disappear spontaneously during two to three months observation. Persistent enlarged follicles should be evaluated. Surgical intervention is not usually required.
Women who currently have or have had breast cancer, or have a suspicion of breast cancer, should not use hormonal contraception because breast cancer is a hormone-sensitive tumor.
Spontaneous reports of breast cancer have been received during postmarketing experience with Mirena. Because spontaneous reports are voluntary and from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to use postmarketing data to reliably estimate the frequency or establish causal relationship to drug exposure. Two observational studies have not provided evidence of an increased risk of breast cancer during the use of Mirena.
Should the patient's relationship cease to be mutually monogamous, or should her partner become HIV positive, or acquire a sexually transmitted disease, she should be instructed to report this change to her clinician immediately. The use of a barrier method as a partial protection against acquiring sexually transmitted diseases should be strongly recommended. Removal of Mirena should be considered.
Levonorgestrel may affect glucose tolerance, and the blood glucose concentration should be monitored in diabetic users of Mirena.
Instruct the patient on how to check after her menstrual period to make certain that the threads still protrude from the cervix and caution her not to pull on the threads and displace Mirena. Inform her that there is no contraceptive protection if Mirena is displaced or expelled.
Long-term studies in animals to assess the carcinogenic potential of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system have not been performed. There is no evidence of increased risk of cancer with short-term use of progestins. There was no increase in tumorigenicity following parenteral administration of levonorgestrel to rats for 2 years at approximately 5 mcg/day, or following oral administration to dogs for 7 years at up to 0.125 mg/kg/day, or to rhesus monkeys for 10 years at up to 250 mcg/kg/day. In another 7 year dog study, oral administration of levonorgestrel at 0.5 mg/kg/day did increase the number of mammary adenomas in treated dogs compared to controls. There were no malignancies. The nonclinical doses above are respectively 16, 200, 240 and 810 times the release rate of levonorgestrel by Mirena (20 mcg/day), based on body surface area [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Levonorgestrel was not found to be genotoxic in the Ames assay, in vitro mammalian culture assays utilizing mouse lymphoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, and in an in vivo micronucleus assay in mice.
There are no irreversible effects on fertility following cessation of exposures to levonorgestrel or progestins in general.
Many studies have found no harmful effects on fetal development associated with long-term use of contraceptive doses of oral progestins. The few studies of infant growth and development that have been conducted with progestin-only pills have not demonstrated significant adverse effects. [Also see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS.]
In general, no adverse effects have been found on breastfeeding performance or on the health, growth, or development of the infant. However, isolated postmarketing cases of decreased milk production have been reported. Small amounts of progestins pass into the breast milk of nursing mothers, resulting in detectable steroid levels in infant serum. [Also, see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.
Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not currently approved for use in this population.
No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic disease on the disposition of levonorgestrel released from Mirena [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of renal disease on the disposition of levonorgestrel released from Mirena.
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
The use of Mirena is contraindicated when one or more of the following conditions exist:
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
The local mechanism by which continuously released levonorgestrel enhances contraceptive effectiveness of Mirena has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of Mirena prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium.
Mirena has mainly local progestogenic effects in the uterine cavity. The high local levels of levonorgestrel1 lead to morphological changes including stromal pseudodecidualization, glandular atrophy, a leukocytic infiltration and a decrease in glandular and stromal mitoses.
Ovulation is inhibited in some women using Mirena. In a 1-year study approximately 45% of menstrual cycles were ovulatory and in another study after 4 years 75% of cycles were ovulatory.
Low doses of levonorgestrel are administered into the uterine cavity with the Mirena intrauterine delivery system. Initially, levonorgestrel is released at a rate of approximately 20 mcg/day. This rate decreases progressively to half that value after 5 years. A stable serum concentration, without peaks and troughs, of levonorgestrel of 150–200 pg/mL occurs after the first few weeks following insertion of Mirena. Levonorgestrel concentrations after long-term use of 12, 24, and 60 months were 180±66 pg/mL, 192±140 pg/mL, and 159±59 pg/mL, respectively.
The apparent volume of distribution of levonorgestrel is reported to be approximately 1.8 L/kg. It is about 97.5 to 99% protein-bound, principally to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and, to a lesser extent, serum albumin.
Following absorption, levonorgestrel is conjugated at the 17β-OH position to form sulfate conjugates and, to a lesser extent, glucuronide conjugates in serum. Significant amounts of conjugated and unconjugated 3α, 5β-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel are also present in serum, along with much smaller amounts of 3α, 5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel and 16βhydroxylevonorgestrel. Levonorgestrel and its phase I metabolites are excreted primarily as glucuronide conjugates. Metabolic clearance rates may differ among individuals by several-fold, and this may account in part for wide individual variations in levonorgestrel concentrations seen in individuals using levonorgestrel–containing contraceptive products.
About 45% of levonorgestrel and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and about 32% are excreted in feces, mostly as glucuronide conjugates. The elimination half-life of levonorgestrel after daily oral doses is approximately 17 hours.
Pediatric: Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age. Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.
Geriatric: Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not currently approved for use in this population.
Race: No studies have evaluated the effect of race on pharmacokinetics of Mirena.
Hepatic Impairment: No studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic disease on the disposition of Mirena.
Renal Impairment: No formal studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of renal disease on the disposition of Mirena.
No drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with Mirena [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Mirena has been studied for safety and efficacy in two large clinical trials in Finland and Sweden. In study sites having verifiable data and informed consent, 1,169 women 18 to 35 years of age at enrollment used Mirena for up to 5 years, for a total of 45,000 women-months of exposure. Subjects had previously been pregnant, had no history of ectopic pregnancy, had no history of pelvic inflammatory disease over the preceding 12 months, were predominantly Caucasian, and over 70% of the participants had previously used IUDs (intrauterine devices). The reported 12-month pregnancy rates were less than or equal to 0.2 per 100 women (0.2%) and the cumulative 5-year pregnancy rate was approximately 0.7 per 100 women (0.7%).
About 80% of women wishing to become pregnant conceived within 12 months after removal of Mirena.
The efficacy of Mirena in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding was studied in a randomized, open-label, active-control, parallel-group trial comparing Mirena (n=79) to an approved therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (n=81), over 6 cycles. The subjects included reproductive-aged women in good health, with no contraindications to the drug products and with confirmed heavy menstrual bleeding ( ≥ 80 mL menstrual blood loss [MBL]) determined using the alkaline hematin method). Excluded were women with organic or systemic conditions that may cause heavy uterine bleeding (except small fibroids, with total volume not > 5 mL). Treatment with Mirena showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in MBL (see Figure 10) and a statistically significantly greater number of subjects with successful treatment (see Figure 11). Successful treatment was defined as proportion of subjects with (1) end-of-study MBL < 80 mL and (2) a ≥ 50% decrease in MBL from baseline to end-of-study.
Figure 10 : Median Menstrual Blood Loss (MBL) by Time and
Treatment
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Figure 11: Proportion of Subjects with Successful Treatment
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REFERENCES
1Nilsson CG, Haukkamaa M, Vierola H, Luukkainen T. Tissue Concentrations of Levonorgestrel in Women Using a Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD. Clinical Endocrinol 1982;17:529-536.
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
Mirena®
(Mur-a-nah)
(levonorgestrel-releasing) Intrauterine System
Mirena does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Read this Patient Information carefully before you decide if Mirena is right for you. This information does not take the place of talking with your gynecologist or other healthcare provider who specializes in women's health. If you have any questions about Mirena, ask your healthcare provider. You should also learn about other birth control methods to choose the one that is best for you.
What is Mirena?
Mirena is T-shaped. It is made of flexible plastic and contains a progestin hormone called levonorgestrel that is often used in birth control pills. Mirena does not contain estrogen. Mirena releases the hormone into the uterus. Only small amounts of the hormone enter your blood.
Two threads are attached to the stem of Mirena. The threads are the only part of Mirena you can feel when Mirena is in your uterus.
Mirena is small and flexible
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What if I need birth control for more than 5 years?
Mirena must be removed after 5 years. Your healthcare provider can insert a new Mirena during the same office visit if you choose to continue using Mirena.
What if I change my mind about birth control and want to become pregnant in less than 5 years?
Your healthcare provider can remove Mirena at any time. You may become pregnant as soon as Mirena is removed. About 8 out of 10 women who want to become pregnant will become pregnant some time in the first year after Mirena is removed.
How does Mirena work?
It is not known exactly how Mirena works. Mirena may work in several ways. It may thicken your cervical mucus, thin the lining of your uterus, inhibit sperm movement and reduce sperm survival. Mirena may stop release of your egg from your ovary, but this is not the way it works in most cases. Most likely, these actions work together to prevent pregnancy. Mirena can cause your menstrual bleeding to be less by thinning the lining of the uterus.
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How well does Mirena work for contraception?
The following chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who use different methods of birth control. Each box on the chart contains a list of birth control methods that are similar in effectiveness. The most effective methods are in the box at the top of the chart. Mirena, an intrauterine device, is in the box at the top of the chart. The box on the bottom of the chart shows the chance of getting pregnant for women who do not use birth control and are trying to get pregnant.
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How well does Mirena work for heavy menstrual bleeding?
In the clinical trial performed in women with heavy menstrual bleeding and treated with Mirena, almost 9 out of 10 were treated successfully and their blood loss was reduced by more than half.
Who might use Mirena?
You might choose Mirena if you:
Who should not use Mirena?
Do not use Mirena if you:
Before having Mirena placed, tell your healthcare provider if you:
How is Mirena placed?
First, your healthcare provider will examine your pelvis to find the exact position of your uterus. Your healthcare provider will then clean your vagina and cervix with an antiseptic solution, and slide a thin plastic tube containing Mirena into your uterus. Your healthcare provider will then remove the plastic tube, and leave Mirena in your uterus. Your healthcare provider will cut the threads to the right length. Placement takes only a few minutes during an office visit.
You may experience pain, bleeding or dizziness during and after placement. If these symptoms do not pass 30 minutes after placement, Mirena may not have been placed correctly. Your healthcare provider will examine you to see if Mirena needs to be removed or replaced.
Should I check that Mirena is in the proper position?
Yes, you should check that Mirena is in proper position by feeling the removal threads. You should do this after each menstrual period. First, wash your hands with soap and water. Feel for the threads at the top of your vagina with your clean fingers. The threads are the only part of Mirena you should feel when Mirena is in your uterus. Be careful not to pull on the threads. If you feel more than just the threads, Mirena is not in the right position and may not prevent pregnancy. Call your healthcare provider to have it removed. If you cannot feel the threads at all, ask your healthcare provider to check that Mirena is still in the right place. In either case, use a non-hormonal birth control method (such as condoms or spermicide) until otherwise advised by your healthcare provider.
How soon after placement of Mirena should I return to my healthcare provider?
Call your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns (see “When should I call my healthcare provider”). Otherwise, you should return to your healthcare provider for a follow-up visit 4 to 12 weeks after Mirena is placed to make sure that Mirena is in the right position.
Can I use tampons with Mirena?
Tampons may be used with Mirena.
What if I become pregnant while using Mirena?
Call your healthcare provider right away if you think you are pregnant. If you get pregnant while using Mirena, you may have an ectopic pregnancy. This means that the pregnancy is not in the uterus. Unusual vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain may be a sign of ectopic pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that often requires surgery. Ectopic pregnancy can cause internal bleeding, infertility, and even death.
There are also risks if you get pregnant while using Mirena and the pregnancy is in the uterus. Severe infection, miscarriage, premature delivery, and even death can occur with pregnancies that continue with an intrauterine device (IUD). Because of this, your healthcare provider may try to remove Mirena, even though removing it may cause a miscarriage. If Mirena cannot be removed, talk with your healthcare provider about the benefits and risks of continuing the pregnancy.
If you continue your pregnancy, see your healthcare provider regularly. Call your healthcare provider right away if you get flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, cramping, pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge, or fluid leaking from your vagina. These may be signs of infection.
It is not known if Mirena can cause long-term effects on the fetus if it stays in place during a pregnancy.
How will Mirena change my periods?
For the first 3 to 6 months, your monthly period may become irregular and the number of bleeding days may increase at first. You may also have frequent spotting or light bleeding. A few women have heavy bleeding during this time. After your body adjusts, the number of bleeding days is likely to lessen, and you may even find that your periods stop altogether.
In some women with heavy bleeding, the total blood loss per cycle progressively decreases with continued use. The number of spotting and bleeding days may initially increase but then typically decreases in the months that follow.
Is it safe to breast-feed while using Mirena?
You may use Mirena when you are breastfeeding if more than six weeks have passed since you had your baby. If you are breastfeeding, Mirena is not likely to affect the quality or amount of your breast milk or the health of your nursing baby. However, isolated cases of decreased milk production have been reported among women using progestin-only birth control pills.
Will Mirena interfere with sexual intercourse?
You and your partner should not feel Mirena during intercourse. Mirena is placed in the uterus, not in the vagina. Sometimes male partners feel the threads.
What are the possible side effects of using Mirena?
Mirena can cause serious side effects including:
Common side effects of Mirena include:
This is not a complete list of possible side effects with Mirena. For more information, ask your healthcare provider.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the manufacturer at 1-888-842-2937, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
After Mirena has been placed, when should I call my healthcare provider?
Call your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about Mirena. Be sure to call if you:
General advice about prescription medicines
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions that are not mentioned in patient information leaflets. This leaflet summarizes the most important information about Mirena. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider for information about Mirena that is written for health providers.
This patient information booklet was updated October 2009.
Fill out the following checklist. Your answers will help you and your healthcare provider decide if Mirena is a good choice for you.
Do you have any of these conditions?
| Yes | No | Don't know-will discuss with my healthcare provider | |
| Abnormalities of the uterus | |||
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | |||
| Anemia or blood clotting problems | |||
| Bleeding between periods | |||
| Cancer of the uterus or cervix | |||
| History of other types of cancer | |||
| Steroid therapy (for example, prednisone) | |||
| Possible pregnancy | |||
| Diabetes | |||
| Ectopic pregnancy in the past | |||
| Fainting attacks | |||
| Genital sores | |||
| Heart disease | |||
| Heart murmur | |||
| Heavy menstrual flow | |||
| Hepatitis or other liver disease | |||
| Infection of the uterus or cervix | |||
| IUD in place now or in the past | |||
| IV drug abuse now or in the past | |||
| Leukemia | |||
| More than one sexual partner | |||
| A sexual partner who has more than one sexual partner | |||
| Pelvic infection | |||
| Abortion or miscarriage in the past 2 months | |||
| Pregnancy in the past 2 months | |||
| Severe menstrual cramps | |||
| Severe Headache | |||
| Sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia | |||
| Stroke | |||
| Abnormal Pap smear | |||
| Unexplained genital bleeding | |||
| Uterine or pelvic surgery | |||
| Vaginal discharge or infection | |||
| HIV infection | |||
| Breastfeeding | |||
| High blood pressure |
Last updated on RxList: 10/28/2009
IMPORTANT NOTE: This is a summary and does not contain all possible information about this product. For complete information about this product or your specific health needs, ask your health care professional. Always seek the advice of your health care professional if you have any questions about this product or your medical condition. This information is not intended as individual medical advice and does not substitute for the knowledge and judgment of your health care professional. This information does not contain any assurances that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you.
LEVONORGESTREL-RELEASING IMPLANT - INTRAUTERINE
(lee-voh-nor-JEST-rell)
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Mirena
USES: This product is a small, flexible device that is placed in the womb (uterus) to prevent pregnancy. It is used in women who desire reversible birth control that works for a long time (up to 5 years). The device works by slowly releasing a hormone (levonorgestrel) that is similar to a certain substance made by a woman's body.
This product is only intended for women who have previously given birth and have only one sexual partner. It is not meant for women with a history of certain infections/conditions (e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually transmitted disease, a certain problem pregnancy called ectopic pregnancy). For more information, consult your doctor.
The use of this medication device does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (e.g., HIV, gonorrhea).
Carefully read all of the information provided by your doctor, and ask any questions you may have about this product or other birth control methods that may be right for you.
HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before this medication device is inserted and each time it is re-inserted. The leaflet contains very important information about side effects and when it is important to call your doctor. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
This product is inserted into your uterus by a properly trained health care professional, usually once every 5 years or as determined by your doctor. The medication in the device is slowly released into the body over a 5-year period.
If you still desire birth control after 5 years, the medication device may be replaced with a new one. The medication device may also be removed at any time by a properly trained health care professional.
Learn all the instructions on how and when to check this product and its proper positioning in your body, and make sure you understand the problems that may occur with this product. See also Precautions section.
Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication device because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication device do not have serious side effects.
Tell your doctor immediately if any of these serious side effects occur: lack of menstrual period, unexplained fever, chills, trouble breathing, mental/mood changes (e.g., depression, nervousness), vaginal swelling/itching, painful intercourse.
Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: migraine/severe headache, vomiting, tiredness, fast/pounding heartbeat.
Tell your doctor immediately if any of these highly unlikely but very serious side effects occur: prolonged or heavy vaginal bleeding, unusual vaginal discharge/odor, vaginal sores, abdominal/pelvic pain or tenderness, lumps in the breast, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine, persistent nausea, trouble urinating.
A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Contact your doctor for medical advice about side effects. The following numbers do not provide medical advice, but in the US you may report side effects to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1-800-FDA-1088. In Canada, you may call Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using this medication device, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to levonorgestrel, or to any other progestins (e.g., norethindrone, desogestrel); or if you have any other allergies.
This medication device should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this product, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: current known or suspected pregnancy, previous ectopic pregnancy, uterus problems (e.g., cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease-PID), other IUD (intrauterine device) still in place, vaginal problems (e.g., infection), breast cancer, liver disease/tumors, any condition that affects your immune system (e.g., AIDS, leukemia).
Before using this product, tell your doctor your medical history, especially of: bleeding problems (e.g., menstrual changes, clotting problems), heart problems (e.g., congenital valve conditions), migraine headaches, diabetes.
If you have diabetes, this medication may make it harder to control your blood sugar levels. Monitor your blood sugar regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor the results and any symptoms such as increased thirst/urination. Your anti-diabetic medication or diet may need to be adjusted.
This medication device may sometimes come out by itself or move out of place. This may result in unwanted pregnancy or other problems. After each menstrual period, check to make sure it is in the right place. Talk to your doctor about how to check your device. If it comes out or you cannot feel its threads, call your doctor promptly, and use a backup birth control method such as condoms.
If you or partner has any other sexual partners, this medication device may no longer be a good choice for pregnancy prevention. If you or your partner becomes HIV positive, or if you think you may have been exposed to any sexually transmitted disease, contact your doctor immediately. You should consider having this device removed.
This medication device must not be used during pregnancy. If you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your doctor immediately. If you have just given birth and are not breast-feeding, or if you have had a pregnancy loss or abortion after the 3 months of pregnancy, wait at least 6 weeks (or as directed by your doctor) before using this medication device. Consult your doctor about the problems that may occur during pregnancy while using this product.
Levonorgestrel passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Before using this medication device, tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: "blood thinners" (e.g., warfarin), birth control taken by mouth or applied to the skin (patch), certain drug used for varicose vein treatment (sodium tetradecyl sulfate), drugs that affect your immune response (e.g., corticosteroids such as prednisone).
This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
OVERDOSE: Overdose with this medication is very unlikely because of the way the drug is released from this device. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. You should have regular complete physical exams including blood pressure, breast exam, pelvic exam, and screening for cervical cancer (Pap smear). Follow your doctor's instructions for examining your own breasts, and report any lumps immediately. Consult your doctor for more details.
MISSED DOSE: Not applicable.
STORAGE: Before use, store at room temperature at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Brief storage between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) is permitted. Keep all medications and medical devices away from children and pets.
Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
Information last revised August 2008 Copyright(c) 2008 First DataBank, Inc.
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