Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Ulcers (cont.)

The major side effects of NSAIDs are related to their effects on the stomach and bowels (gastrointestinal system). Some 10%-50% of patients are unable to tolerate NSAID treatment because of side effects, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and upset stomach. Approximately 15% of patients on long-term NSAID treatment develop a peptic ulcer (ulceration of the stomach or duodenum). Even though many of these patients with ulcers do not have symptoms and are unaware of their ulcers, they are at risk of developing serious ulcer complications such as bleeding or perforation of the stomach.

The annual risk of serious complications is 1%-4% with chronic NSAID treatment. The risk of ulcers is higher in elderly patients, in those with rheumatoid arthritis, patients taking blood thinning medications (anticoagulants) such as warfarin (Coumadin) and heparin) or steroid-containing medications (for example, prednisone), and patients with a prior history of bleeding ulcers. (The anticoagulants do not cause NSAID related ulcers. Rather they increase bleeding if NSAID-induced ulcers occur.)

Prior history of ulcers is the most important predictor of NSAID-induced ulcers. Patients with heart disease who are taking aspirin for prevention of heart attacks are also at risk, and the risk of bleeding ulcers doubles if aspirin is combined with other NSAIDs.

Source: MedicineNet.com
http://www.medicinenet.com/nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drugs_and_ulcers/article.htm