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Birth Control (Types and Options) »
If a woman is sexually active and she is fertile — physically able to become pregnant — she needs to ask herself, "Do I want to become pregnant now?" If her answer is "No," she must use some method of birth control (contraception).
If a woman does not want to get pregnant at this point in her life, does she plan to become pregnant in the future? Soon? Much later? Never? Her answers to these questions can determine the method of birth control that she and her male sexual partner use — now and in the future.
There are a number of different ways to describe birth control. Terms include contraception, pregnancy prevention, fertility control, and family planning. But no matter what the process is called, sexually active people can choose from a plethora of methods to reduce the possibility of their becoming pregnant. Nevertheless, no method of birth control av...
Read this leaflet carefully before you use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) so that you understand the benefits and risks of using this form of birth control. The leaflet gives you information about the possible serious side effects of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . This leaflet will also tell you how to use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) properly so that it will give you the best possible protection against pregnancy Read the information you get whenever you get a new prescription or refill, because there may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider
What is NuvaRing ?
NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) (NEW-vah-ring) is a flexible combined contraceptive vaginal ring. It is used to prevent pregnancy. It does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) such as chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and syphilis.
NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) contains a combination of a progestin and estrogen, two kinds of female hormones. You insert the ring in your vagina and leave it there for three weeks. After the ring is inserted, it releases a continuous low dose of hormones into your body. You then remove it for a one-week ring-free period.
Contraceptives that contain both an estrogen and a progestin are called combination hormonal contraceptives. Most studies on combination contraceptives have used oral (taken by mouth) contraceptives. NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) may have the same risks that have been found for combination oral contraceptives. This leaflet will tell you about risks of taking combination oral contraceptives that may also apply to NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) users. In addition, it will tell you how to use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) properly so that it will give you the best possible protection against pregnancy.
Who should not use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects when you use combination oral contraceptives. This risk increases even more if you are over age 35 and if you smoke 15 or more cigarettes a day. Women who use combination hormonal contraceptives, including NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , are strongly advised not to smoke.
Do not use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) if you have any of the following conditions:
Tell your healthcare provider if you have ever had any of the conditions just listed. Your healthcare provider can suggest another method of birth control.
Talk with your healthcare provider about using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) if you:
In addition, talk to your healthcare provider about using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) if you have any of the following conditions. Women with any of these conditions should be checked often by their doctor or healthcare provider if they choose to use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) .
How should I use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
For the best protection from pregnancy, use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) exactly as directed. Insert one NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) in the vagina and keep it in place for three weeks in a row. Remove it for a one-week break and then insert a new ring. During the one-week break, you will usually have your menstrual period. Your healthcare provider should examine you at least once a year to see if there are any signs of side effects of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) use.
When should I start NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
Follow the instructions in one of the sections below to find out when to start using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) :
If you did not use a hormonal contraceptive in the preceding cycle
Insert NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) on the first day of your cycle, (i.e., the first day of menstrual bleeding). NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) will work immediately, it is not necessary to use an additional contraceptive method. You may also start on days 2-5 of your cycle, but in this case make sure you also use an extra method of birth control (barrier method), such as male condoms or spermicide for the first seven days of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) use in the first cycle.
If you are changing from a combined hormonal contraceptive pill or patch (containing both progestin and estrogen)
Switch from your previous combined hormonal contraceptive on any day, but at the latest on the day following the usual hormone-free interval by inserting NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . If you have been using your hormonal contraceptive method consistently and correctly, no extra birth control method should be needed.
If you are changing from a progestagen-only method (minipill, implant or injection) or from a progestagen-releasing intrauterine system (IUS)
You may switch on any day from a minipill. You should switch from an implant or the IUS on the day of its removal and from an injectable on the day when the next injection would be due. In all of these cases, you should use an extra method of birth control, such as a male condom or spermicide, for the first seven days of ring use.
Following first trimester abortion or miscarriage
If you start using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) within five days after a complete first trimester abortion or miscarriage, you do not need to use an extra method of contraception.
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is not started within five days after a first trimester abortion or miscarriage, begin NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) at the time of your next menstrual period. Counting the first day of your menstrual period as “Day 1”, insert NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) on or before Day 5 of the cycle, even if you have not finished bleeding. During this first cycle, use an extra method of birth control, such as male condoms or spermicide, for the first seven days of ring use.
How do I insert NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
1. Each NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) comes in a reclosable foil pouch. After washing and drying your hands, remove NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) from its foil pouch. Keep the foil pouch for proper disposal of the ring after use. Choose the position that is most comfortable for you. For example, lying down, squatting, or standing with one leg up (Figures 1a, 1b, and 1c, respectively).
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2. Hold NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) between your thumb and index finger (Figure 2a) and press the opposite sides of the ring together (Figure 2b).
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3. Gently push the folded ring intoyourvagina (Figures 3a and 3b). The exact position of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) in the vagina is not important for it to work (Figures 3c and 3d).
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Although some women may be aware of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) in the vagina, most women do not feel it once it is in place. If you feel discomfort, NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is probably not inserted back far enough in the vagina. Use your finger to gently push the NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) farther into your vagina. There is no danger of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) being pushed too far up in the vagina or getting lost. NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) can be inserted only as far as the end of the vagina, where the cervix (the narrow, lower end of the uterus) will block NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) from going any farther.
4. Once inserted, keep NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) in place for three weeks in a row.
How do I remove NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
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1. Remove the ring three weeks after insertion on the same day of the week as it was inserted, at about the same time of day.
You can remove NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) by hooking the index finger under the forward rim or by holding the rim between the index and middle finger and pulling it out (Figure 4).
2. Place the used ring in the foil pouch and properly dispose of it in a waste receptacle out of the reach of children and pets. Do not throw it in the toilet.
Your menstrual period will usually start two to three days after the ring is removed and may not have finished before the next ring is inserted. To continue to have pregnancy protection, you must insert the new ring one week after the last one was removed, even if your menstrual period has not stopped.
If you locate the ring in your vagina, but are unable to remove it, please contact your healthcare provider.
When do I insert a new ring?
After no more than a one-week ring-free break, insert a new ring on the same day of the week as it was removed in the last cycle. If the ring-free interval has been extended beyond one week, the possibility of pregnancy should be considered, and an extra method of birth control, such as male condoms or spermicide, MUST be used until NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) has been used continuously for seven days.
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slips out:
NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) can accidentally slip out of the vagina while removing a tampon, during intercourse, or straining during a bowel movement. If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slips out of the vagina and it has been out for less than three hours, you should still be protected from pregnancy. NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) can be rinsed with cool to lukewarm (not hot) water and reinserted as soon as possible, and at the latest within three hours of removal or expulsion (slipping out).
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is out of the vagina for more than three continuous hours:
During Weeks 1 and 2: If the ring has been out of the vagina for more tha three continuous hours during the 1st or 2nd week of use, contraceptiv effectiveness may be reduced. Reinsert ring as soon as you remember an use an extra method of birth control, such as male condoms or sperm cide, until the ring has been used continuously for seven days.
During Week 3:
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slips out of the vagina for more than thre continuous hours during the 3rd week of the three-week use period. throw the ring away and choose one of the following two options.
1. Insert a new ring immediately. Inserting a new ring will start the next three-week use period. You may not experience a period from your previous cycle. However, breakthrough spotting or bleeding may occur.
2. Have your period and insert a new ring no later than seven days (7 x 24 hours) from the time the previous ring was removed or expelled. This option should only be chosen if the ring was used continuously for the preceding seven days.
In addition, a barrier method such as condoms or spermicides must be used until the ring has been used continuously for seven days.
Women with conditions affecting the vagina, such as a prolapsed (dropped) uterus, may be more likely to have NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slip out of the vagina. If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slips out repeatedly, you should consult with your healthcare provider.
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is in your vagina too long:
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) has been left in your vagina for an extra week or less (four weeks total or less), you will remain protected. Remove NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) and insert a new ring after a one-week ring-free break.
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) has been left in place for more than four weeks, you may not be adequately protected from pregnancy and you must check to be sure you are not pregnant. You MUST use an extra method of birth control, such as male condoms or spermicide, until the new NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) has been in place for seven days in a row.
If you miss a menstrual period:
You must check to be sure that you are not pregnant if:
Can I use tampons when using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
Use of tampons will not reduce the contraceptive efficacy of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . Insert NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) before inserting a tampon. You should pay particular attention when removing a tampon to be sure that the ring is not accidentally pulled out. If this should occur, simply rinse the ring in cool to lukewarm (not hot) water and immediately reinsert it.
Can I use vaginal medications?
Use of spermicides or vaginal yeast products will not reduce the contraceptive efficacy of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) .
What should I do if my NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) disconnects?
There have been reported cases of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) disconnecting at the weld joint causing the ring to change shape and straighten out. This is not expected to affect the contraceptive effectiveness of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) disconnects, expulsion (slipping out) is more likely to occur (see “If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) slips out”). If you discover the ring has disconnected, you should discard the ring and replace it with a new ring.
Overdose
NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is unlikely to cause an overdose because the ring holding the medicine releases a steady amount of contraceptive hormones. Do not use more than one ring at a time. Overdose of combination hormonal contraceptives may cause nausea, vomiting, or vaginal bleeding.
What should I avoid while using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects when you use combination oral contraceptives, including NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . This risk increases even more if you are over age 35 and if you smoke 15 or more cigarettes a day. Women who use combination hormonal contraceptives, like NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , are strongly advised not to smoke.
Do not breast-feed while using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . Some of the medicine may pass through the milk to the baby and could cause yellowing of the skin (jaundice) and breast enlargement in your baby. NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) could also decrease the amount and quality of your breast milk.
The hormones in NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) can interact with many other medicines and herbal supplements. Tell your healthcare provider about any medicines you are taking, including prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, herbal remedies, and vitamins.
The blood levels of the hormones released by NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) were increased when women usedavaginal medication (miconazole nitrate) forayeast infection while NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) wasinplace. The pregnancy protectionofNuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is not likelytobechangedbyuseofthese products. The blood levelsofthese hormones were not changed when women used vaginal, water-based spermicides (nonoxynolorN-9 products) along with NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) .
Certain drugs and herbal supplements may interact with combined hormonal contraceptives to make them less effective in preventing pregnancy or cause an increase in breakthrough bleeding. Such drugs include rifampin, drugs used for epilepsy such as barbiturates (for example, phenobarbital), carbamazepine, and phenytoin, primidone, topiramate, phenylbutazone, modafinil, and some drugs used for HIV such as ritonavir. Pregnancies and breakthrough bleeding have been reportedby users of combined hormonal contraceptives who also used the herbal supplement St. John's Wort. You may need to use a non-hormonal method of contraception during any cycle in which you take drugs that can make oral contraceptives less effective.Be sureto tell your healthcare provider if you are taking or start taking any other medications, including non-prescription products or herbal products while using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) .
While using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , you should not rely upon a diaphragm when you need a back-up method of birth control because NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) may interfere with the correct placement and position of a diaphragm. If you are scheduled for any laboratory tests, tell your doctor or healthcare provider you are using NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . Contraceptive hormones may change certain blood tests results.
What are the possible risks and side effects of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
The hormonesin NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) may cause changesin your blood clotting system which may allow your bloodto clot more easily.If blood clots form in your legs, they can travel to the lungs and cause a sudden blockage of a vessel carrying blood to the lungs. Rarely, clots occur in the blood vessels of the eye and may cause blindness, double vision, or other vision problems. The risk of getting blood clots may be greater with the type of progestin in NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) than with some other progestins in certain low-dose birth control pills. It is unknown if the risk of blood clots is different with NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) use than with the use of certain birth control pills.
If you take hormonal contraceptives and need elective surgery, need to stay in bed for a prolonged illness or have recently delivered a baby, you may be at risk of developing blood clots. You should consult your doctor or healthcare provider about stopping hormonal contraceptives three to four weeks before surgery and not taking hormonal contraceptives for two weeks after surgery or during bed rest. You should also not take hormonal contraceptives soon after delivery of a baby. It is advisable to wait for at least four weeks after delivery if you are not breast-feeding. If you are breast-feeding, you should wait until you have weaned your child before using the pill (see PRECAUTIONS, Nursing Mothers).
Hormonal contraceptives may increase your riskofstrokes (blockage of blood flow to the brain) or heart attacks (blockage of blood flow to the heart). Any of these conditions can cause death orserious disability. Smoking greatly increases the risk of having strokes and heart attacks. Furthermore, smoking and the use of combination hormonal contraceptives, like NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , greatly increases the chances of developing and dying of heart disease. If you use combination hormonal contraceptives, including NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , you should not smoke.
Combination hormonal contraceptives, including NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , can worsen conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and problems with cholesterol and triglycerides.
Breast cancer has been diagnosed slightly more often in women who use the pill than in women of the same age who do not use the pill. This small increase in the number of breast cancer diagnoses gradually disappears during the 10 years after stopping use of the pill. It is not known whether the difference is caused by the pill. It may be that women taking the pill are examined more often, so that breast cancer is more likely to be detected. You should have regular breast examinations by a healthcare provider and examine your own breasts monthly. Tell your healthcare provider if you have a family history of breast cancer or if you have had breast nodules or an abnormal mammogram.
Women who currently have or have had breast cancer should not use hormonal contraceptives, including NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , because breast cancer is usually a hormone-sensitive tumor. Some studies have found an increase in the incidence of cancer of the cervix in women who use oral contraceptives. However, this finding may be related to factors other than the use of oral contraceptives. There is insufficient evidence to rule out the possibility that pills may cause such cancers.
Combination hormonal contraceptive users may have a higher chance of having gallbladder disease.
In rare cases, combination hormonal contraceptives, like NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , can cause non-cancerous (benign) but dangerous liver tumors. These benign liver tumors can break and cause fatal internal bleed-ing.In addition, it is possible that women who use combination hormonal contraceptives, like NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) , have a higher chance of getting liver cancer. However, liver cancers are extremely rare.
In women with inherited defects of lipid metabolism, there have been reports of significant elevations of plasma triglycerides during estrogen therapy. This has led to pancreatitis in some cases.
The common side effects reported by NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) users are:
In addition to the risks and side effects listed above, users of combination hormonal contraceptives have reported the following side effects:
Call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of the symptoms listed below. They may be signs of a serious problem:
How effective is NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) ?
If NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is used according to the directions, your chance of getting pregnant is about 1 to 2% a year. This means that, for every 100 women who use NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) for a year, one or two will become pregnant. Your chance ofgetting pregnant increasesifNuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) is not used exactly accordingto the directions.
By comparison, the chances of getting pregnant in the first year of typical use (not always following directions exactly) of other methods of birth control are as follows:
| No birth control method: | 85% |
| Spermicides alone: | 26% |
| Periodic abstinence methods (calendar, ovulation, thermometer): | 25% |
| Withdrawal: | 19% |
| Cervical Cap with spermicides: | 20 to 40% |
| Vaginal sponge: | 20 to 40% |
| Diaphragm with spermicides: | 20% |
| Condom alone (male): | 14% |
| Condom alone (female): | 21% |
| Oral contraceptives: | 5% |
| IUD: | less than 1 to 2% |
| Implants: | less than 1% |
| Injection: | less than 1% |
| Sterilization: | less than 1% |
Other Information
This leaflet summarizes the most important information about NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) . If you would like more information, talkwith your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about NuvaRing® (etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) that is written for health professionals.
Last reviewed on RxList: 7/10/2009
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
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