Glaucoma is a disease of the major nerve of vision, called the optic nerve. The optic nerve receives light-generated nerve impulses from the retina and transmits these to the brain, where we recognize those electrical signals as vision. Glaucoma is characterized by a particular pattern of progressive damage to the optic nerve that generally begins with a subtle loss of side vision (peripheral vision). If glaucoma is not diagnosed and treated, it can progress to loss of central vision and blindness.
Glaucoma is usually, but not always, associated with elevated pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). Generally, it is this elevated eye pressure that leads to damage of the eye (optic) nerve. In some cases, glaucoma may occur in the presence of normal eye pressure. This form of glaucoma is believed to be caused by poor regulation of blood flow to the optic nerve.
Worldwide, glaucoma...
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OSMITROL
(mannitol) Injection, USP in AVIVA Plastic Container
For Therapeutic Use Only
Osmitrol Injection (Mannitol Injection, USP) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of Mannitol, USP in a single dose container for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. Mannitol** is a six carbon sugar alcohol prepared commercially by the reduction of dextrose. Although virtually inert metabolically in humans, it occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol is an obligatory osmotic diuretic. The pH may have been adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid. Composition, osmolarity, and pH are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Composition | ||||
| Size (mL) |
**Mannitol, USP (g/L) |
*Osmolarity mOsmol/L) (calc) |
pH | |
| 5% OSMITROL Injection (5% Mannitol Injection, USP) | 1000 | 50 | 274 | 5.5 (4.5 TO 7.0) |
| 10% OSMITROL Injection (10% Mannitol Injection, USP) | 500 | 100 | 549 | 5.5 (4.5 TO 7.0) |
| 1000 | ||||
| 15% OSMITROL Injection (15% Mannitol Injection, USP) | 500 | 150 | 823 | 5.5 (4.5 TO 7.0) |
| 20% OSMITROL Injection (20% Mannitol Injection, USP) |
250 | 200 | 1098 | 5.5(4.5 TO 7.0) |
| 250 | ||||
| *Normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280 to 310 m0smol/L. | ||||
Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions ( ≥ 600 m0smol/L) may cause vein damage.
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The flexible container is made with non-latex plastic materials specially designed for a wide range of parenteral drugs including those requiring delivery in containers made of polyolefins or polypropylene. For example, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of paclitaxel. In addition, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of all drugs deemed compatible with existing polyvinyl chloride container systems. The solution contact materials do not contain PVC, DEHP, or other plasticizers.
The suitability of the container materials has been established through biological evaluations, which have shown the container passes Class VI U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) testing for plastic containers. These tests confirm the biological safety of the container system.
The flexible container is a closed system, and air is prefilled in the container to facilitate drainage. The container does not require entry of external air during administration.
The container has two ports: one is the administration outlet port for the attachment of an intravenous administration set and the other port has a medication site for addition of supplemental medication (See Directions for Use). The primary function of the overwrap is to protect the container from the physical environment.
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Tell your caregivers at once if you have any of the following symptoms. Some of these may be caused by your kidney condition and are not side effects of mannitol:
Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Osmitrol Injection in Aviva »
Last reviewed on RxList: 3/4/2009
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
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