The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Myelosuppression [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Bleeding related events [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Fluid retention [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• QT prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Congestive heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and myocardial infarction [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The data described below reflect exposure to SPRYCEL in clinical studies including 25 8 patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and in 2182 patients with imatinib resistant or intolerant CML or Ph+ ALL.

In the newly diagnosed chronic phase CML trial, the median duration of therapy was 18 months; the median average daily dose was 99 mg.

In the imatinib resistant or intolerant CML or Ph+ALL clinical trials, patients had a minimum of 2 years follow-up (starting dosage lOOmg once daily, 140 mg once daily, 50 mg twice daily, or 70 mg twice daily). Among patients with chronic phase CML and resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy, the median duration of treatment with SPRYCEL 100 mg once daily was 24 months (range 1-33 months). The median duration of treatment with SPRYCEL 140 mg once daily was 15 months (range 0.03-36 months) for accelerated phase CML, 3 months (range 0.03-29 months) for myeloid blast phase CML, and 3 months (range 0.1-10 months) for lymphoid blast CML.

The majority of SPRYCEL-treated patients experienced adverse reactions at some time. In the newly diagnosed chronic phase CML trial, drug was discontinued for adverse reactions in 6% of SPRYCEL-treated patients. Among patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy, the rates of discontinuation for adverse reaction were 15% in chronic phase CML, 16% in accelerated phase CML, 15% in myeloid blast phase CML, 8% in lymphoid blast phase CML, and 8% in Ph+ ALL. In a dose-optimization study in patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy and chronic phase CML, the rate of discontinuation for adverse reaction was lower in patients treated with 100 mg once daily than in patients treated with other dosing regimens (10% and 16%, respectively).

The most frequently reported adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of patients in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML included myelosuppression, fluid retention events (pleural effusion, superficial localized edema, generalized edema), diarrhea, headache, musculoskeletal pain, and rash. Pleural effusions were reported in 31 patients (see Table 2).

The most frequently reported adverse reactions reported in ≥ 20% of patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy included myelosuppression, fluid retention events, diarrhea, headache, dyspnea, skin rash, fatigue, nausea, and hemorrhage.

The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML included pleural effusion (2%), hemorrhage (2%), congestive heart failure (1%), and pyrexia (1%). The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions in patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy included pleural effusion (11%), gastrointestinal bleeding (4%), febrile neutropenia (4%), dyspnea (3%), pneumonia (3%), pyrexia (3%), diarrhea (3%), infection (2%), congestive heart failure/cardiac dysfunction (2%), pericardial effusion (1%), and CNS hemorrhage (1%).

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

Adverse reactions (excluding laboratory abnormalities) that were reported in at least 10% of patients are shown in Table 2 for newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase CML and Table 3 for CML patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML

Table 3: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Patients with CML Resistant or Intolerant to Prior Imatinib Therapy

Laboratory Abnormalities

Myelosuppression was commonly reported in all patient populations. The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia was higher in patients with advanced phase CML than in chronic phase CML (Tables 4 and 5). Myelosuppression was reported in patients with normal baseline laboratory values as well as in patients with pre-existing laboratory abnormalities.

In patients who experienced severe myelosuppression, recovery generally occurred following dose interruption or reduction; permanent discontinuation of treatment occurred in 2% of patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and 5% of patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Grade 3 or 4 elevations of transaminase or bilirubin and Grade 3 or 4 hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia were reported in patients with all phases of CML but were reported with an increased frequency in patients with myeloid or lymphoid blast phase CML. Elevations in transaminase or bilirubin were usually managed with dose reduction or interruption. Patients developing Grade 3 or 4 hypocalcemia during the course of SPRYCEL therapy often had recovery with oral calcium supplementation.

Laboratory abnormalities reported in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML are shown in Table 4. There were no discontinuations of SPRYCEL therapy in this patient population due to biochemical laboratory parameters.

Table 4: CTC Grade 3/4 Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML

Laboratory abnormalities reported in patients with CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib who received the recommended starting doses of SPRYCEL are shown by disease phase in Table 5.

Table 5: CTC Grade 3/4 Laboratory Abnormalities in Clinical Studies of CML: Resistance or Intolerance to Prior Imatinib Therapy

Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL)

A total of 135 patients with Ph+ALL were treated with SPRYCEL in clinical studies. The median duration of treatment was 3 months (range 0.03-31 months). The safety profile of patients with Ph+ ALL was similar to those with lymphoid blast phase CML. The most frequently reported adverse reactions included fluid retention events, such as pleural effusion (24%) and superficial edema (19%), and gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea (31%), nausea (24%), and vomiting (16%). Hemorrhage (19%), pyrexia (17%), rash (16%), and dyspnea (16%) were also frequently reported. The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions included pleural effusion (11%), gastrointestinal bleeding (7%), febrile neutropenia (6%), infection (5%), pyrexia (4%), pneumonia (3%), diarrhea (3%), nausea (2%), vomiting (2%), and colitis (2%).

Additional Data From Clinical Trials

The following adverse reactions were reported in patients in the SPRYCEL clinical studies at a frequency of 1%- < 10%, 0.1 %- < 1%, or < 0.1%. These events are included on the basis of clinical relevance.

Gastrointestinal Disorders: 1%- < 10% - mucosal inflammation (including mucositis/stomatitis), dyspepsia, abdominal distension, constipation, gastritis, colitis (including neutropenic colitis), oral soft tissue disorder; 0.1%- < 1% - ascites, dysphagia, anal fissure, upper gastrointestinal ulcer, esophagitis, pancreatitis; < 0.1%- protein losing gastroenteropathy.

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: 1%- < 10% — asthenia, pain, chest pain, chills; 0.1%- < 1% - malaise, temperature intolerance.

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: 1%- < 10% - pruritus, alopecia, acne, dry skin, hyperhidrosis, urticaria, dermatitis (including eczema); 0.1%- < 1% -pigmentation disorder, skin ulcer, bullous conditions, photosensitivity, nail disorder, acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, panniculitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome.

Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: 1%- < 10% - cough, lung infiltration, pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension; 0.1%- < 1% - asthma, bronchospasm; < 0.1% -acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Nervous System Disorders: 1%- < 10% - neuropathy (including peripheral neuropathy), dizziness, dysgeusia, somnolence; 0.1%- < 1% - amnesia, tremor, syncope; < 0.1% -convulsion, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, optic neuritis.

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: 1%- < 10% - pancytopenia; < 0.1% - aplasia pure red cell.

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: 1%- < 10% - muscular weakness; 0.1%- < 1% - musculoskeletal stiffness, rhabdomyolysis; < 0.1%- tendonitis.

Investigations: 1%- < 10% - weight increased, weight decreased; 0.1%- < 1% - blood creatine phosphokinase increased.

Infections and Infestations: 1%- < 10% - pneumonia (including bacterial, viral, and fungal), upper respiratory tract infection/inflammation, herpes virus infection, enterocolitis infection; 0.1%- < 1% Asepsis (including fatal outcomes).

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: 1%- < 10% - anorexia, appetite disturbances; 0.1%- < 1% - hyperuricemia, hypoalbuminemia.

Cardiac Disorders: 1%- < 10% - arrhythmia (including tachycardia), palpitations; 0.1%- < 1% - angina pectoris, cardiomegaly, pericarditis, ventricular arrhythmia (including ventricular tachycardia); < 0.1%- cor pulmonale, myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome.

Eye Disorders: 1%- < 10% - visual disorder (including visual disturbance, vision blurred, and visual acuity reduced), dry eye; 0.1% - < 1% - conjunctivitis.

Vascular Disorders: 1%- < 10% - flushing, hypertension; 0.1%- < 1% - hypotension, thrombophlebitis; < 0.1%- livedo reticularis.

Psychiatric Disorders: 1%- < 10% - insomnia, depression; 0.1%- < 1% - anxiety, affect lability, confusional state, libido decreased.

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: 0.1%- < 1% - gynecomastia, menstruation irregular.

Injury, Poisoning, and Procedural Complications: 1%- < 10% — contusion.

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: 1%- < 10% - tinnitus; 0.1%- < 1% - vertigo.

Hepatobiliary Disorders: 0.7%- < 7%-cholestasis, cholecystitis, hepatitis.

Renal and Urinary Disorders: 0.1%- < 1% - urinary frequency, renal failure, proteinuria.

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant, and Unspecified: 0.1%- < 1% - tumor lysis syndrome.

Immune System Disorders: 0.1%- < 1% - hypersensitivity (including erythema nodosum).

Postmarketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of SPRYCEL. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Cardiac disorders: atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter

Vascular disorders: thrombosis/embolism (including pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis)

Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension

Read the Sprycel (dasatinib) Side Effects Center for a complete guide to possible side effects »

Drugs That May Increase Dasatinib Plasma Concentrations

CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Dasatinib is a CYP3A4 substrate. In a study of 18 patients with solid tumors, 20-mg SPRYCEL once daily coadministered with 200 mg of ketoconazole twice daily increased the dasatinib Cmax and AUC by four- and five-fold, respectively. Concomitant use of SPRYCEL and drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 may increase exposure to dasatinib and should be avoided. In patients receiving treatment with SPRYCEL, close monitoring for toxicity and a SPRYCEL dose reduction should be considered if systemic administration of a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be avoided [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Drugs That May Decrease Dasatinib Plasma Concentrations

CYP3A4 Inducers: When a single morning dose of SPRYCEL was administered following 8 days of continuous evening administration of 600 mg of rifampin, a potent CYP3A4 inducer, the mean Qnax and AUC of dasatinib were decreased by 81% and 82%, respectively. Alternative agents with less enzyme induction potential should be considered. If SPRYCEL must be administered with a CYP3 A4 inducer, a dose increase in SPRYCEL should be considered [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Antacids: Nonclinical data demonstrate that the solubility of dasatinib is pH dependent. In a study of 24 healthy subjects, administration of 30 mL of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide 2 hours prior to a single 50-mg dose of SPRYCEL was associated with no relevant change in dasatinib AUC; however, the dasatinib C^x increased 26%. When 30 mL of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide was administered to the same subjects concomitantly with a 50-mg dose of SPRYCEL, a 55% reduction in dasatinib AUC and a 58% reduction in Cmax were observed. Simultaneous administration of SPRYCEL with antacids should be avoided. If antacid therapy is needed, the antacid dose should be administered at least 2 hours prior to or 2 hours after the dose of SPRYCEL.

H₂ Antagonists/Proton Pump Inhibitors: Long-term suppression of gastric acid secretion by H₂ antagonists or proton pump inhibitors (eg, famotidine and omeprazole) is likely to reduce dasatinib exposure. In a study of 24 healthy subjects, administration of a single 50-mg dose of SPRYCEL 10 hours following famotidine reduced the AUC and Qmx of dasatinib by 61% and 63%, respectively. In a study of 14 healthy subjects, administration of a single 100-mg dose of SPRYCEL 22 hours following a 40-mg omeprazole dose at steady state reduced the AUC and Cmax of dasatinib by 43% and 42%, respectively. The concomitant use of H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors with SPRYCEL is not recommended. The use of antacids (at least 2 hours prior to or 2 hours after the dose of SPRYCEL) should be considered in place of H2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors in patients receiving SPRYCEL therapy.

Drugs That May Have Their Plasma Concentration Altered By Dasatinib

CYP3A4 Substrates: Single-dose data from a study of 54 healthy subjects indicate that the mean Qnax and AUC of simvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, were increased by 37% and 20%, respectively, when simvastatin was administered in combination with a single 100-mg dose of SPRYCEL. Therefore, CYP3A4 substrates known to have a narrow therapeutic index such as alfentanil, astemizole, terfenadine, cisapride, cyclosporine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, tacrolimus, or ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine) should be administered with caution in patients receiving SPRYCEL.

Last reviewed on RxList: 10/21/2011
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.