Vaprisol (Conivaptan Hcl Injection) Drug Information: Overdosage and Contraindications

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May 27, 2012

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Hyponatremia (Low Blood Sodium) »

What is hyponatremia (low blood sodium)?

Hyponatremia refers to a lower-than-normal level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is essential for many body functions including the maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of blood pressure, and normal function of the nervous system. Hyponatremia has sometimes been referred to as "water intoxication," especially when it is due to the consumption of excess water, for example during strenuous exercise, without adequate replacement of sodium.

Sodium is the major positively charged ion (cation) in the fluid outside of cells of the body. The chemical notation for sodium is Na. When combined with chloride (Cl), the resulting substance is table salt (NaCl).

The normal blood sodium level is 135 - 145 milliEquivalents/liter (mEq/L), or in international units, 135 - 145 millimoles/liter (mmol/L). Results may vary slightly among different laboratories.

What causes hyponatremia ...

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OVERDOSE

Although no data on overdosage in humans are available, VAPRISOL has been administered as a 20 mg loading dose on Day 1 followed by continuous infusion of 80 mg/day for 4 days in hyponatremia patients and up to 120 mg/day for 2 days in CHF patients. No new toxicities were identified at these higher doses, but adverse events related to the pharmacologic activity of VAPRISOL, e.g. hypotension and thirst, occurred more frequently at these higher doses.

In case of overdose, based on expected exaggerated pharmacological activity, symptomatic treatment with frequent monitoring of vital signs and close observation of the patient is recommended.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypovolemic Hyponatremia

VAPRISOL is contraindicated in patients with hypovolemic hyponatremia.

Coadministration with Potent CYP3A Inhibitors

The coadministration of VAPRISOL with potent CYP3A inhibitors, such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir, and indinavir, is contraindicated [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].