Pattern dystrophy is a group of inherited conditions that cause the accumulation of pigment in the macula of the retina of the eye, leading to vision changes like those of age-related macular degeneration. These conditions are caused by genetic mutations and are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that only one copy of the altered gene (from either parent) is needed to cause the condition.

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References
"Pattern Dystrophy." MacularSociety.org. <https://www.macularsociety.org/macular-disease/macular-conditions/pattern-dystrophy/>.